Area Analysis
Tom Kincaid
2020-09-17
Preliminaries
This document presents analysis of a GRTS survey design for an area resource. The area resource used in the analysis is estuaries in South Carolina. Although a stratified survey design was used to sample estuaries, analyses will be conducted as if the design was unstratified. Instead, strata will be used to define subpopulations for analysis. The strata employed in the survey were: (1) open water and (2) tidal creeks. The analysis will include calculation of three types of population estimates: (1) estimation of proportion and size (area of estuaries) for site evaluation status categorical variables; (2) estimation of proportion and size for estuary condition categorical variables; and (3) estimation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and percentiles for quantitative variables. Testing for difference between CDFs from subpopulations also will be presented.
The initial step is to use the library function to load the spsurvey package. After the package is loaded, a message is printed to the R console indicating that the spsurvey package was loaded successfully.
Load the spsurvey package:
library(spsurvey)
#> Warning: replacing previous import 'vctrs::data_frame' by 'tibble::data_frame'
#> when loading 'dplyr'
#>
#> Version 4.1.0 of the spsurvey package was loaded successfully.
library(sf)
#> Linking to GEOS 3.8.0, GDAL 3.0.4, PROJ 6.3.1
Load the survey design and analytical variables data set
The next step is to load the data set, which includes both survey design variables and analytical variables. The data function is used to load the data set and assign it to a data frame named SC_estuaries. The nrow function is used to determine the number of rows in the SC_estuaries data frame, and the resulting value is assigned to an object named nr. Finally, the initial six lines and the final six lines in the SC_estuaries data frame are printed using the head and tail functions, respectively.
Load the survey design and analytical variables data set:
data(SC_estuaries)
nr <- nrow(SC_estuaries)
Display the initial six lines in the data file:
head(SC_estuaries)
#> siteID xcoord ycoord wgt Stratum Status IBI_score IBI_status
#> 1 EEOW00-001 1549286 1263060 10.47516 Open Water Sampled 3.5 Good
#> 2 EEOW00-002 1487515 1226790 10.47516 Open Water Sampled 4.0 Good
#> 3 EEOW00-003 1442800 1159806 10.47516 Open Water Sampled 4.0 Good
#> 4 EEOW00-004 1425120 1148898 10.47516 Open Water Sampled 4.5 Good
#> 5 EEOW00-005 1432141 1140626 10.47516 Open Water Sampled 4.5 Good
#> 6 EEOW00-006 1540516 1280598 10.47516 Open Water Sampled 2.5 Mrgn
#> WQ_score WQ_status
#> 1 4.3 Good
#> 2 4.6 Good
#> 3 5.0 Good
#> 4 5.0 Good
#> 5 5.0 Good
#> 6 4.2 Good
Display the final six lines in the data file:
tail(SC_estuaries)
#> siteID xcoord ycoord wgt Stratum Status IBI_score
#> 130 EETC99-035 1441803 1151432 1.41106 Tidal Creek NonTarget NA
#> 131 EETC99-036 1535415 1247815 1.41106 Tidal Creek Sampled 3.5
#> 132 EETC99-037 1500847 1225230 1.41106 Tidal Creek Sampled 2.5
#> 133 EETC99-038 1440701 1147436 1.41106 Tidal Creek Sampled 3.0
#> 134 EETC99-039 1468472 1179318 1.41106 Tidal Creek Sampled 4.0
#> 135 EETC99-040 1430639 1151724 1.41106 Tidal Creek Sampled 2.5
#> IBI_status WQ_score WQ_status
#> 130 <NA> NA <NA>
#> 131 Good 4.3 Good
#> 132 Mrgn 3.0 Poor
#> 133 Good 3.7 Mrgn
#> 134 Good 4.3 Good
#> 135 Mrgn 3.7 Mrgn
The location of sample sites in South Carolina estuaries is displayed in the figure below. The sites for each stratum are displayed using a unique color.
Analysis of site status evaluation variables
The first analysis that will be examined is calculation of extent estimates for a site status evaluation variable. Extent is measured both by the proportion of the resource in status evaluation categories and by size of the resource in each category. For an area resource like estuaries, size refers to the area of estuaries in a category. For calculating extent estimates (and for all of the analyses we will consider), survey design weights are incorporated into the calculation process. Weights used in the analyses were modified from the original survey design weights to ensure that the weights sum to the known size of the resource. Further information regarding weight adjustment is provided in the help page for the adjwgt (weight adjustment) function. The site status variable named status will be examined, which classifies estuaries into two evaluation categories: “Sampled” and “NonTarget”. The table and addmargins functions are used to create tables displaying the count for each code (level) of the status variable.
Use the table and addmargins functions to create a table displaying the count for each code of the status variable:
cat("\nA table displaying the number of values for each level of the status
variable follows:\n")
#>
#> A table displaying the number of values for each level of the status
#> variable follows:
addmargins(table(SC_estuaries$Status))
#>
#> NonTarget Sampled Sum
#> 19 116 135
The cat.analysis function in the spsurvey package will be used to calculate extent estimates. Four data frames constitute the primary input to the cat.analysis function. The first column (variable) in the four data frames provides the unique identifier (site ID) for each sample site and is used to connect records among the data frames. The siteID variable in the SC_estuaries data frame is assigned to the siteID variable in the data frames. The four data frames that will be created are named as follows: sites, subpop, design, and data.cat. The sites data frame identifies sites to use in the analysis and contains two variables: (1) siteID - site ID values and (2) Use - a logical vector indicating which sites to use in the analysis. The rep (repeat) function is used to assign the value TRUE to each element of the Use variable. Recall that nr is an object containing the number of rows in the SC_estuaries data frame. The subpop data frame defines populations and, optionally, subpopulations for which estimates are desired. Unlike the sites and design data frames, the subpop data frame can contain an arbitrary number of columns. The first variable in the subpop data frame identifies site ID values and each subsequent variable identifies a type of population, where the variable name is used to identify type. A type variable identifies each site with a character value. If the number of unique values for a type variable is greater than one, then the set of values represent subpopulations of that type. When a type variable consists of a single unique value, then the type does not contain subpopulations. For this analysis, the subpop data frame contains three variables: (1) siteID - site ID values, (2) All_Estuaries - which will be used to calculate estimates for all of the sample sites combined, and (3) Estuary_Type - which will be used to calculate estimates for each stratum individually. The stratum variable in the SC_estuaries data frame is assigned to the Estuary_Type variable in the subpop data frame. The design data frame consists of survey design variables. For the analysis under consideration, the design data frame contains the following variables: (1) siteID - site ID values; (2) wgt - final, adjusted, survey design weights; (3) xcoord - x-coordinates for location; and (4) ycoord - y-coordinates for location. The wgt, xcoord, and ycoord variables in the design data frame are assigned values using variables with the same names in the SC_estuaries data frame. Like the subpop data frame, the data.cat data frame can contain an arbitrary number of columns. The first variable in the data.cat data frame identifies site ID values and each subsequent variable identifies a response variable. The response variable is Status, which is assigned the status variable in the SC_estuaries data frame. Missing data (NA) is allowed for the response variables, which are the only variables in the input data frames for which NA values are allowed.
To conduct an analysis of site status evaluation variables, create the sites data frame, which identifies sites to use in the analysis. Note that all sites will be used to estimate number of estuaries in each category:
sites <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
Use=rep(TRUE, nr))
Create the subpop data frame, which defines populations and subpopulations for which estimates are desired:
subpop <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
All_Estuaries=rep("All Estuaries", nr),
Estuary_Type=SC_estuaries$Stratum)
Create the design data frame, which identifies the stratum code, weight, x-coordinate, and y-coordinate for each site ID:
design <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
wgt=SC_estuaries$wgt,
xcoord=SC_estuaries$xcoord,
ycoord=SC_estuaries$ycoord)
Create the data.cat data frame, which specifies the variables to use in the analysis:
data.cat <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
Status=SC_estuaries$Status)
Use the cat.analysis function to calculate extent estimates for the site status evaluation variables:
Extent_Estimates <- cat.analysis(sites, subpop, design, data.cat)
The extent estimates are displayed using the print function. The object produced by cat.analysis is a data frame containing thirteen columns. The first five columns identify the population (Type), subpopulation (Subpopulation), response variable (Indicator), levels of the response variable (Category), and number of values in a category (NResp). A category labeled “Total” is included for each combination of population, subpopulation, and response variable. The next four columns in the data frame provide results for the proportion (percent scale) estimates: the proportion estimate (Estimate.P), standard error of the estimate (StdError.P), lower confidence bound (LCB95Pct.P), and upper confidence bound (UCB95Pct.P). Argument conf for cat.analysis allows control of the confidence bound level. The default value for conf is 95, hence the column names for confidence bounds contain the value 95. Supplying a different value to the conf argument will be reflected in the confidence bound names. Confidence bounds are obtained using the standard error and the Normal distribution multiplier corresponding to the confidence level. The final four columns in the data frame provide results for the size (units scale) estimates: the size estimate (Estimate.U), standard error of the estimate (StdError.U), lower confidence bound (LCB95Pct.U), and upper confidence bound (UCB95Pct.U). Note that the size estimate for the Total category will be equal to the sum of the survey design weights.
Print the extent estimates
print(Extent_Estimates)
#> Type Subpopulation Indicator Category NResp Estimate.P StdError.P
#> 1 All_Estuaries All Estuaries Status NonTarget 19 4.885243 1.333584
#> 2 All_Estuaries All Estuaries Status Sampled 116 95.114757 1.333584
#> 3 All_Estuaries All Estuaries Status Total 135 100.000000 0.000000
#> 4 Estuary_Type Open Water Status NonTarget 1 1.666667 1.443982
#> 5 Estuary_Type Open Water Status Sampled 59 98.333333 1.443982
#> 6 Estuary_Type Open Water Status Total 60 100.000000 0.000000
#> 7 Estuary_Type Tidal Creek Status NonTarget 18 24.000000 3.913876
#> 8 Estuary_Type Tidal Creek Status Sampled 57 76.000000 3.913876
#> 9 Estuary_Type Tidal Creek Status Total 75 100.000000 0.000000
#> LCB95Pct.P UCB95Pct.P Estimate.U StdError.U LCB95Pct.U UCB95Pct.U
#> 1 2.271467 7.499019 35.87423 9.425042e+00 17.40149 54.34698
#> 2 92.500981 97.728533 698.46457 4.378451e+01 612.64850 784.28063
#> 3 100.000000 100.000000 734.33880 4.207087e+01 651.88141 816.79619
#> 4 0.000000 4.496819 10.47516 9.075561e+00 0.00000 28.26293
#> 5 95.503181 100.000000 618.03415 9.075561e+00 600.24637 635.82192
#> 6 100.000000 100.000000 628.50930 5.163671e-14 628.50930 628.50930
#> 7 16.328944 31.671056 25.39908 4.142035e+00 17.28084 33.51732
#> 8 68.328944 83.671056 80.43042 4.142035e+00 72.31218 88.54866
#> 9 100.000000 100.000000 105.82950 4.854608e-15 105.82950 105.82950
The write.csv function is used to store the extent estimates as a comma-separated value (csv) file. Files in csv format can be read by programs such as Microsoft Excel.
write.csv(Extent_Estimates, file="Extent_Estimates.csv")
Analysis of estuary condition variables
The second analysis that will be examined is estimating resource proportion and size for estuary condition variables. Two estuary condition variables will be examined: (1) IBI_Status, which classifies estuaries by benthic IBI (index of biotic integrity) status categories and (2) WQ_Status, which classifies estuaries by WQ (water quality) status categories. The table and addmargins functions are used to create tables displaying the count for each level of the two estuary condition variables.
Use the table and addmargins functions to create a table displaying the count for each code of the IBI status variable:
cat("\nA table displaying the number of values for each level of the IBI status
variable follows:\n")
#>
#> A table displaying the number of values for each level of the IBI status
#> variable follows:
addmargins(table(SC_estuaries$IBI_status))
#>
#> Good Mrgn Poor Sum
#> 99 14 3 116
Use the table and addmargins functions to create a table displaying the count for each code of the WQ status variable:
cat("\nA table displaying the number of values for each level of the WQ status variable follows:\n")
#>
#> A table displaying the number of values for each level of the WQ status variable follows:
addmargins(table(SC_estuaries$WQ_status))
#>
#> Good Mrgn Poor Sum
#> 83 29 4 116
As for extent estimates, the cat.analysis function will be used to calculate condition estimates. The sites data frame for this analysis differs from the one used to calculate extent estimates. The Use logical variables in sites is set equal to the value “Sampled”, so that only sampled sites are used in the analysis. The subpop and design data frames created in the prior analysis can be reused for this analysis. The data.cat data frame contains the two estuary condition variables: IBI_Status and WQ_Status. Variables IBI_status and WQ_status in the SC_estuaries data frame are assigned to IBI_Status and WQ_Status, respectively.
Conduct an analysis of estuary condition variables - create the sites data frame. Note that only sampled sites are used, and that the existing subpop and design data frames can be reused:
sites <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
Use=SC_estuaries$Status == "Sampled")
Create the data.cat data frame, which specifies the variables to use in the analysis:
data.cat <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
IBI_Status=SC_estuaries$IBI_status,
WQ_Status=SC_estuaries$WQ_status)
Use the cat.analysis function to calculate estimates for the estuary condition variables - calculate estimates for the categorical variables:
Condition_Estimates <- cat.analysis(sites, subpop, design, data.cat)
Print the estuary condition estimates for all sites combined:
print(Condition_Estimates[c(1:4, 13:16),])
#> Type Subpopulation Indicator Category NResp Estimate.P StdError.P
#> 1 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Good 99 86.1838689 3.054977
#> 2 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Mrgn 14 11.9123445 3.101725
#> 3 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Poor 3 1.9037866 1.349820
#> 4 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Total 116 100.0000000 0.000000
#> 13 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Good 83 82.9514988 3.454680
#> 14 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Mrgn 29 16.2404087 3.443841
#> 15 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Poor 4 0.8080925 0.364253
#> 16 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Total 116 100.0000000 0.000000
#> LCB95Pct.P UCB95Pct.P Estimate.U StdError.U LCB95Pct.U UCB95Pct.U
#> 1 80.19622370 92.171514 601.96379 41.403906 520.8136211 683.11395
#> 2 5.83307547 17.991613 83.20351 22.101079 39.8861870 126.52082
#> 3 0.00000000 4.549386 13.29728 9.383106 0.0000000 31.68783
#> 4 100.00000000 100.000000 698.46457 39.709481 620.6354124 776.29372
#> 13 76.18045106 89.722546 579.38683 43.296215 494.5278028 664.24585
#> 14 9.49060367 22.990214 113.43350 24.285825 65.8341570 161.03284
#> 15 0.09416982 1.522015 5.64424 2.463364 0.8161351 10.47234
#> 16 100.00000000 100.000000 698.46457 39.709481 620.6354124 776.29372
Use the write.csv function to write the condition estimates as a csv file:
write.csv(Condition_Estimates, file="Condition_Estimates.csv")
Analysis of estuary condition variables correcting for population size
The frame is a data structure containing spatial location data in addition to other attributes regarding a resource of interest and is used to create a survey design. A frame often takes the form of a shapefile. The frame can be used to obtain size values (e.g., area of estuaries) for the populations and subpopulations examined in an analysis. Examination of the Estimates.U column in the Condition_Estimates data frame produced by cat.analysis reveals that the estimated Total value for both condition variables and each combination of population value and subpopulation value does not sum to the corresponding frame size value. For example, the Total entry in the Estimate.U column for the IBI_status variable, population “All_Estuaries” and subpopulation “All Estuaries” is 698 square kilometers (rounded to a whole number). This value is an estimate of the size of the sampled resource. The corresponding frame size value is 734 square kilometers. The popsize (population size) argument to cat.analysis provides a mechanism for forcing the size estimates to sum to a desired value, e.g., the frame size value. Note that including popsize as an argument results in assigning the popsize value to the Total category of the size estimates. Use of the popsize argument assumes that sites which were evaluated but not sampled were missing at random. The missing at random asumption may not be a valid assumption, e.g., sites for which access was denied by the landowner may not be the same as sites that were sampled. For the current analysis, we will assume that the assumption is valid. As a first step for use of the popsize argument, the combine function is used to create a named vector of frame size values for each basin. Output from the function is assigned to an object named framesize. The popsize argument is a list, which is a particular type of R object. The popsize list must include an entry for each population type included in the subpop data frame, i.e., All_Estuaries and Estuary_Type for this analysis. The sum function applied to framesize is assigned to the All_Estuaries entry in the popsize list. Recall that the Estuary_Type population contains subpopulations, i.e., stratum categories. When a population type contains subpopulations, the entry in the popsize list also is a list. The as.list function is applied to framesize, and the result is assigned to the Estuary_Type entry in the popsize list.
Conduct an analysis of estuary condition using variables correcting for population size and assign frame size values:
framesize <- c("Open Water"=628.509298, "Tidal Creek"=105.829522)
Use the cat.analysis function to calculate estimates for the estuary condition variables:
Condition_Estimates_popsize <- cat.analysis(sites, subpop, design, data.cat,
popsize=list(All_Estuaries=sum(framesize),
Estuary_Type=as.list(framesize)))
Print the estuary condition estimates for all sites combined:
print(Condition_Estimates_popsize[c(1:4, 13:16),])
#> Type Subpopulation Indicator Category NResp Estimate.P StdError.P
#> 1 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Good 99 86.1838689 3.054977
#> 2 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Mrgn 14 11.9123445 3.101725
#> 3 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Poor 3 1.9037866 1.349820
#> 4 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Status Total 116 100.0000000 NA
#> 13 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Good 83 82.9514988 3.454680
#> 14 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Mrgn 29 16.2404087 3.443841
#> 15 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Poor 4 0.8080925 0.364253
#> 16 All_Estuaries All Estuaries WQ_Status Total 116 100.0000000 NA
#> LCB95Pct.P UCB95Pct.P Estimate.U StdError.U LCB95Pct.U UCB95Pct.U
#> 1 80.19622370 92.171514 632.881606 22.433883 588.9120028 676.85121
#> 2 5.83307547 17.991613 87.476970 22.777170 42.8345376 132.11940
#> 3 0.00000000 4.549386 13.980244 9.912255 0.0000000 33.40791
#> 4 NA NA 734.338820 NA NA NA
#> 13 76.18045106 89.722546 609.145057 25.369054 559.4226254 658.86749
#> 14 9.49060367 22.990214 119.259626 25.289464 69.6931870 168.82606
#> 15 0.09416982 1.522015 5.934137 2.674851 0.6915255 11.17675
#> 16 NA NA 734.338820 NA NA NA
Use the write.csv function to write the condition estimates as a csv file:
write.csv(Condition_Estimates_popsize, file="Condition_Estimates_popsize.csv")
Analysis of quantitative variables
The third analysis that will be examined is estimating the CDF and percentiles for quantitative variables. Two quantitative variables will be examined: (1) IBI_score - IBI score and (2) WQ_score - WQ score. The summary function is used to summarize the data structure of the two quantitative variables.
Use the summary function to summarize the data structure of the IBI score variable:
cat("\nSummarize the data structure of the IBI score variable:\n")
#>
#> Summarize the data structure of the IBI score variable:
summary(SC_estuaries$IBI_score)
#> Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
#> 1.000 3.000 3.500 3.612 4.125 5.000 19
Use the summary function to summarize the data structure of the WQ score variable:
cat("\nSummarize the data structure of the WQ score variable:\n")
#>
#> Summarize the data structure of the WQ score variable:
summary(SC_estuaries$WQ_score)
#> Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
#> 2.700 4.000 4.600 4.407 5.000 5.000 19
The cont.analysis function will be used to calculate estimates for quantitative variables. Input to the cont.analysis function is the same as input for the cat.analysis function except that the data frame containing response variables is named cont.data rather than cat.data. The sites, subpop, and design data frames created in the analysis of estuary condition variables can be reused for this analysis. The data.cont data frame contains the two quantitative variables: IBI_Score and WQ_Score, which contain the numeric scores for the IBI and WQ variables, respectively. Variables IBI_score and WQ_score in the SC_estuaries data frame are assigned to IBI_Score and WQ_Score, respectively. The popsize argument is included in the call to cont.analysis.
Conduct an analysis of quantitative variables. Note that the existing sites, subpop, and design data frames can be reused. Create the data.cont data frame, which specifies the variables to use in the analysis:
data.cont <- data.frame(siteID=SC_estuaries$siteID,
IBI_Score=SC_estuaries$IBI_score,
WQ_Score=SC_estuaries$WQ_score)
Use the cont.analysis function to calculate CDF and percentile estimates for the quantitative variables:
CDF_Estimates <- cont.analysis(sites, subpop, design, data.cont,
popsize=list(All_Estuaries=sum(framesize),
Estuary_Type=as.list(framesize)))
The object produced by cont.analysis is a list containing two objects: (1) CDF, a data frame containing the CDF estimates and (2) Pct, a data frame containing percentile estimates plus estimates of population values for mean, variance, and standard deviation. Format for the CDF data frame is analogous to the data frame produced by cat.analysis. For the CDF data frame, however, the fourth column is labeled Value and contains the value at which the CDF was evaluated. Unlike the data frames produced by the other analysis functions we have examined, the Pct data frame contains only nine columns since there is a single set of estimates rather than two sets of estimates. In addition, the fourth column is labeled Statistic and identifies either a percentile or the mean, variance, or standard deviation. Finally, since percentile estimates are obtained by inverting the CDF estimate, the percentile estimates do not have a standard error value associated with them.
Use the write.csv function to write the CDF estimates as a csv file:
write.csv(CDF_Estimates$CDF, file="CDF_Estimates.csv")
The cont.cdfplot function in spsurvey can be used to produce a PDF file containing plots of the CDF estimates. The primary arguments to cont.cdfplot are a character string containing a name for the PDF file and the CDF data frame in the CDF_Estimates object.
Produce a PDF file containing plots of the CDF estimates:
cont.cdfplot("CDF_Estimates.pdf", CDF_Estimates$CDF)
Print the percentile estimates for IBI score for all sites combined:
print(CDF_Estimates$Pct[1:10,])
#> Type Subpopulation Indicator Statistic NResp Estimate
#> 1 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 5Pct 3 1.9835561
#> 2 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 10Pct 6 2.2809551
#> 3 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 25Pct 17 2.8823748
#> 4 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 50Pct 60 3.5875846
#> 5 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 75Pct 87 4.1208723
#> 6 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 90Pct 87 4.4496095
#> 7 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score 95Pct 110 4.6753552
#> 8 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score Mean 116 3.7144320
#> 9 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score Variance 116 0.6908874
#> 10 All_Estuaries All Estuaries IBI_Score Std. Deviation 116 0.8311964
#> StdError LCB95Pct UCB95Pct
#> 1 1.5616016 2.1490377
#> 2 2.0408270 2.5125581
#> 3 2.6707797 3.0788808
#> 4 3.3703757 3.7707670
#> 5 3.9331037 4.3110103
#> 6 4.2521696 4.9356565
#> 7 4.4428288 5.0000000
#> 8 0.0718189615220736 3.5736694 3.8551946
#> 9 0.0865446486737272 0.5212630 0.8605118
#> 10 0.0520602901032027 0.7291601 0.9332327
Use the write.csv function to write the percentile estimates as a csv file:
write.csv(CDF_Estimates$Pct, file="Percentile_Estimates.csv", row.names=FALSE)
The cont.cdftest function in spsurvey can be used to test for statistical difference between the CDFs from subpopulations. For this analysis we will use the cont.cdftest function to test for statistical difference between the CDFs from the two strata. Arguments to cont.cdftest are the same as arguments to cont.analysis. Since we are interested only in testing among strata, the subpop data frame is subsetted to include only the siteID and Estuary_Type variables. Note that the popsize argument was modified from prior examples to include only the entry for Estuary_Type.
Test for statistical difference between CDFs for strata:
CDF_Tests <- cont.cdftest(sites, subpop[,c(1,3)], design, data.cont,
popsize=list(Estuary_Type=as.list(framesize)))
The print function is used to display results for IBI score of the statistical tests for difference between CDFs for strata. The object produced by cont.cdftest is a data frame containing eight columns. The first column (Type) identifies the population. The second and third columns (Subpopulation_1 and Subpopulation_2) identify the subpopulations. The fourth column (Indicator) identifies the response variable. Column five contains values of the test statistic. Six test statistics are available, and the default statistic is an F-distribution version of the Wald statistic, which is identified in the data frame as “Wald-F”. The default statistic is used in this analysis. For further information about the test statistics see the help file for the cdf.test function in spsurvey, which includes a reference for the test for differences in CDFs. Columns six and seven (Degrees_of_Freedom_1 and Degrees_of_Freedom_2) provide the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom for the Wald test. The final column (p_Value) provides the p-value for the test.
Print results of the statistical tests for difference between strata CDFs for IBI score and WQ score:
print(CDF_Tests, digits=3)
#> Type Subpopulation_1 Subpopulation_2 Indicator Wald_F
#> 1 Estuary_Type Open Water Tidal Creek IBI_Score 2.98
#> 2 Estuary_Type Open Water Tidal Creek WQ_Score 14.61
#> Degrees_of_Freedom_1 Degrees_of_Freedom_2 p_Value
#> 1 2 109 5.50e-02
#> 2 2 109 2.39e-06
Use the write.csv function to write CDF test results as a csv file:
write.csv(CDF_Tests, file="CDF_Tests.csv", row.names=FALSE)
