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The current version of the DLMtool package is available for download from CRAN.

DLMtool 6.0.6

DLMtool 6.0.5

Minor Changes

DLMtool 6.0.4

Minor Changes

DLMtool 6.0.3

Fixes

DLMtool 6.0.2

Fixes

DLMtool 6.0.1

Fixes

DLMtool 6.0.0

V6.0.0 is a major update to the DLMtool package. It is not backwards compatible with previous versions of DLMtool or MSEtool.

Major Changes

Changes to previous versions

Fixes

DLMtool 5.4.5

New Additions

Fixes

DLMtool 5.4.4

New Additions

Fixes

DLMtool 5.4.3

Minor changes

Fixes

DLMtool 5.4.2

Minor changes

Fixes

DLMtool 5.4.1

Minor changes

Fixes

DLMtool 5.4.0

Minor changes

Fixes

New Additions

DLMtool 5.3.1

Minor changes

Fixes

DLMtool 5.3

New Features

Major changes

Fixes

DLMtool 5.2.3

New features

Minor changes

Fixes

DLMtool 5.2.2

Fixes

DLMtool 5.2.1

Minor fixes

DLMtool 5.2

New Features

New Functions

Updated Functions

Improved Documentation

Minor Fixes and Edits

DLMtool 5.1.3

DLMtool 5.1.2

DLMtool 5.1.1

DLMtool 5.1

Operating Model

MP Performance

Robustness and Testing

Documentation

Previous Versions

DLMtool 5.0

The following slots have been added to the OM object:

This was done so that an OM object is completely self-contained and includes all information used in the MSE.

Minor Changes

DLMtool v4.4.1

Minor Changes

DLMtool v4.4

Changes

DLMtool v4.1

Major Changes

Minor Changes

DLMtool V3.2.3

Major Changes

Minor Changes

Bug Fixes

New Additions to Version 3.2.2

A number of additional plotting functions, and a few new MPs have been added in this version. Also a few minor changes to improve performance and reliability of the model.

For improved stability, especially with large files, the runMSErobust function has been changed so that it now uses the saveRDS function to write the MSE objects to disk. MSE objects saved with this version of the function need to be loaded with readRDS.

The plotFun function can be used to print out all available plotting functions for objects of class MSE or DLM_data

MSE Object

Pplot and Kplot functions have been modified for extra control of various features of the plots.

Two functions, barplot.MSE and boxplot.MSE, have been added to plot the MSE object. Call them using the generic barplot or boxplot functions, and see ?barplot.MSE and ?boxplot.MSE for information on the arguments for the function.

New functions: Jplot, Splot, Cplot, and VOIplot have been added.

DLM_data Object

boxplot.DLM_data has been added and can be used to plot boxplots of the TACs recommendations from different methods. Call with boxplot(DLM_data)

New MPs

Three new input control methods, developed by Helena Geremont, have been added to the package: EtargetLopt, L95target, and minlenLopt1.

New Additions to Version 3.2.1

A new slot (Effort) has been added to the MSE object. This stores the fishing effort for each year, simulation, and MP in the projection years. The addition of the new slot may cause a warning message to be thrown up if an MSE object from a previous version of the DLMtool is loaded.

You can update the old MSE object by adding an empty Effort slot: MSEobj <- updateMSE(MSEobj).

There were some issues with a couple of the input control MPs, which have now been addressed (thanks, Helena, for identifying these). There was also a problem with effort and selectivity being calculated for the input controls, which has also been fixed.

New Additions to Version 3.2

A number of small but important bugs have been fixed, with special thanks to Liz Brooks, Helena Geromont, and Bill Harford for alerting us to some of these issues.

Quang Huynh has recoded the mean length methods in C++, and they now run much faster, so should pass the time-limit constraint.

A new function (runMSErobust) has been added which is a wrapper for the runMSE function. In time, this may replace runMSE as the primary function to use when running a MSE. runMSErobust splits large simulations into a series of smaller packets and stitches them together to return an MSE object. This has the benefit of increasing speed and efficiency, particularly for runs with large number of simulations. The function also checks for errors and re-starts the MSE if the model crashes.

A set of functions OM_xl and Fease_xl have been added. These are used to read in operating model and feasibility parameters from an Excel spreadsheet rather than a CSV file. These are essentially wrappers for the new function, but allow you to store all operating model tables in a single spreadsheet rather than a number of CSV files. This is mainly useful if you are working on multiple species/stocks.

The size limit feature has been updated to include an upper slot limit. See slotlim for an example MP. The slot limit is specified as the last element in the input control vector. Similar to the lower size limit, all individuals above the slot limit experience no fishing mortality.

A number of new MPs have been added. There are now 63 output and 22 input control MPs in the DLMtool.

A new function makePerf has been added. This function takes an OM object, and returns the same OM object with no process or observation error. This is useful for testing the performance of methods under perfect conditions, to see if they work as expected. And for debugging!

Two new plotting functions have been added: wormplot which creates worm plots of the likelihood of meeting biomass targets in future years, and VOIplot which is another value of information plot, similar to the VOI function, and shows how observation and operating model parameter values affect trends in long-term yield and biomass.

Coming soon: bag limit MPs for recreational fisheries

Notes from Version 3.1

In order to simulate fisheries that have experienced important shifts in historical length selectivity, this can now be user specified using a graphical user interface (the ‘ChooseSelect’ function) or by manually editing a series of new slots in the Fleet object (SelYears, AbsSelYears, L5Upper, L5Lower, LFSUpper, LFSLower, VmaxUpper, VmaxLower).

Persistent shifts in stock productivity are a particular concern for fishery management. These can now be generated in the toolkit using a new function SetRecruitCycle that generates cyclical pattern in recruitment strength.

Length-based spawning potential ratio (SPR) MPs have been added. Currently these methods are slow and often don’t pass the time constraint.

Two features have been added to allow MPs to return additional information for future reference. (1) The DLM_data object that MPs operate on now has a miscellaneous slot Misc. (2) MPs can now return a list. The first position is the management recommendation (e.g. TAC) the second is information that is stored in the Misc slot that can be used by the MP in the next iteration. This can be useful for storing information that is time-consuming to calculate each year.

A new generic trade-off performance plot TradePlot has also been added.

A Note on Version 2.11

Operating model effort is now simulated by a time-series of year vertices and relative magnitude of effort at each vertex. It follows that the slot Fleet@Fgrad, and has been replaced by three slots with vectors of equal length: Fleet@EffYear, Fleet@EffUpper and Fleet@EffLower. These effort trajectories can now be specified by a new graphical interface (function ChooseEffort()) which uses points to determine the three slots described above.

Operating model fleet selectivity has been robustified to prevent users from specifying length at first capture (Fleet@L5) and length at full selection (Fleet@LFS) that are unrealistically high. According to our view of reality these now have upper limits of L50 and maximum length, respectively.

A function DOM() has been added that evaluates how often one MP outperforms another across simulations. It is possible that an MP could have higher average performance but perform worse on higher fraction of simulations. The DOM() function provides a diagnostic to analyze this.

An additional function Sub() has been added which allows users to subset an MSE object according to either (or both) a vector of MPs and simulations. This means you no longer have to rerun everything to provide results for a smaller number of MPs or particular simulations.

A Note on Bug Fixes in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2

A bug was found in which length at first capture was being sampled from a uniform distribution U(LB,UB*2) rather than U(LB,UB). When depletion could not be simulated by even very high fishery catchabilities an error could occur after more than 10 attempts to find a suitable value of depletion. Length composition simulation in 2.1.1 was not correctly implemented leading to minor biases.

A Note on Version 2.1

In response to popular demand, simulation and data are entirely length-based now. It follows that many objects that worked with 2.0 will no longer be compatible. In most cases it is very quick to make files/objects compatible with version 2.1, but nonetheless we apologize if this is frustrating!

The DLMtool package is stochastic, so if you run into problems with the code, please report them (along with a random seed). In the meantime, simply try running it again; the problem may be attributable to a rare combination of sampled parameters.

Be warned that if you abort a parallel process (e.g. runMSE()) half-way through, you are in the lap of the gods! It will often be necessary to restart the cluster sfInit() or even restart R.

The package is not designed for very short lived stocks (that live for less than 5 years) due to the problems with approximating fine-scale temporal dynamics with an annual model. Technically, you could just divide all your parameters by a sub-year resolution, but the TAC would be set by sub-year and the data would also be available at this fine-scale, which is highly unlikely in a data-limited setting.

New to Version 2.1

  1. The DLMtool has moved to a length-based simulator (maturity, fisheries selectivity by length)

  2. The spatial targeting function has been removed for the moment as its implementation was flawed , so could not distribute fishing correctly with respect to both density and the amount of the resource among the two areas.

  3. Tplot2 adds a different set of trade-offs including long-term and short-term probability of achieving 50% of FMSY yield and average annual variability in yields.

  4. Version 2.0 did not include observation error in estimates of current stock abundance and depletion (only biases were simulated). Many thanks to Helena Geromont for spotting this. This has now been corrected.

  5. DLM_data objects now have a slot LHYear which is a numeric value corresponding with the last historical year. This is needed for some MPs that want to run off only the past data rather than the updated (projected, closed-loop simulation) data.

  6. Post-MSE, you can now run a Convergence function CheckConverg() to see if performance metrics are stable.

  7. The package now contains CSRA, a tool for calculating very rough estimates of current depletion and fishing mortality rate from mean catch data.

  8. getAFC now can be used for converting length estimates to age estimates through a stochastic growth model.

  9. The value of information function (VOI) contained bugs in version 2.0. This now has been fixed.

  10. Users can now send their own parameter values to the runMSE function allowing outputs from stock assessments or correlated parameters (e.g. K and age at maturity) values.

  11. After deliberation, Pope’s approximation has been used to account for intra-year mortality (i.e., TACs are taken from biomass at the start of the year subject to half of natural mortality rate). This is probably a reasonable approximation in a data-limited setting: alternative structural assumptions for M are eclipsed by uncertainty in M itself and other operating model parameters such as selectivity and bias in observation of data such as annual catches.

  12. The simulation of length composition data was bugged in version 2.0. The variability in length at age was taken from the observation model. Using the perfect information observation model therefore led to no variability in length at age and hence very odd length composition data. This has been solved; now a fixed 10% CV in length-at-age is assumed (normally distributed).

  13. A bug with Delay-Difference MPs has been fixed (DD and DD4010) in which stochastic TACs were sampled when reps =1. This should just be the mean estimate. The result is that DD is much less variable between years but comes with less contrast in the data. In addition to the much less variable catch recommendations, long-term mean performance of the MP is reduced while medium-term performance has been improved.

  14. In the move to length-based inputs it is possible to prescribe wild biases for maximum length and length at maturity. In this version these sampled biases are not correlated so it is possible to create simulated data sets where maximum length is lower than length-at-95% maturity and length-at-50% maturity. We put a hard ceiling on this such that length at 95 percent maturity must be below 90 percent of maximum length and length-at-50% maturity must be below 90% of length-at-95% maturity. This isn’t great and this will be improved for v2.11.

  15. The package now works without initiating a cluster sfInit().

  16. A simple modification to DCAC has been added EDCAC (Harford and Carruthers, 2015) that better accounts for absolute stock depletion.

  17. Three new slots are available to run MPs on that related to mean length of catches (ML), modal length of captures (Lc), and the mean length of catches of fish over Lc (Lbar)

New to Version 2.0

  1. Much has changed in the DLMtool terminology to make it more generally applicable. For example, OFL (overfishing limits, FMSY x current biomass), now belongs to a larger class of TACs (Total Allowable Catches).

  2. There are now just two classes of DLM MPs, DLM_output (MPs linked to output controls e.g. TACs) and DLM_input (MPs linked to input controls such as time-area closures, age selectivity and effort). The new DLM_input function classes have four components, fractional reallocation of spatial effort, fraction of effort in final historical year prescribed in the current year, spatial limits on fishing mortality and a user-defined age-selectivity curve. For example, given an hypothetical stock with 8 age classes a DLM_input method might return a vector c(0.5, 0.8, 0,1, 0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1). This is interpreted as a 50% reallocation (Allocation = 0.5) of spatial effort, with a total effort that is 80% of historical levels (Effort = 0.8) with a closure in area 1 and full fishing in area 2 (Spatial = c(0,1)) and knife-edge selectivity at age class 5 (Selectivity = c(0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1)) [note that Selectivity has changed in newer versions of the package]. To demonstrate this new feature there are four new input controls, current effort (curE), 75% of current effort (curE75), age selectivity that matches the maturity ogive (matagelim) and a marine reserve in area 1 (area1MR) [note that matagelim has changed to matlenlim in recent versions].

  3. A ‘dumb’ MP has been added: Mean Catch Depletion (MCD) that simply calculates a TAC based on mean catches and depletion. This is to demonstrate the (theoretically) very high information content of a reliable estimate of current stock depletion.

  4. A better length composition simulator has been added. Note that this still renews the normal length structure between ages and does not properly simulate the higher mortality rate of larger, faster growing fish (a growth type group simulator is on its way).

  5. Help documentation has been much improved including complete guides for Fleet, Stock, Observation and MSE objects. Eg class?MSE.

  6. Minor bugs have been found with the help of Helena Geromont including a problem with update intervals of 1 and low simulated steepness values.

  7. Reliability is much improved following a full combinatorial test of all Fleet, Stock, Observation objects against all MPs.

  8. A dedicated Value of information function is now available for MSE objects: VOI(MSEobject) which is smarter than the former version which was included in plot(MSE object class).

  9. Plotting functions have been improved, particularly Tplot, Kplot, Pplot and plot(DLM_data object class).

  10. SPmod has been robustified to stop strongly negative surplus production estimates from leading to erratic behavior.

  11. The butterfish stock type now has less variable recruitment and slightly lower natural mortality rate as previous values were rather extreme and led to data generation errors (with natural mortality rate as high as 0.9, butterfish is right at the limit of what can be simulated reasonably with an annual age-structured operating model).

These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.