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bfw: Bayesian Framework for Computational Modeling

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What is bfw?

The purpose of bfw is to establish a framework for conducting Bayesian analysis in R, using MCMC and JAGS (Plummer, 2003). The framework provides several modules to conduct linear and non-linear (hierarchical) analyses, and allows the use of custom functions and complex JAGS models.

Derived from the excellent work of Kruschke (2015), the goal of the framework is to easily estimate parameter values and the stability of estimates from the highest density interval (HDI), make null value assessment through region of practical equivalence testing (ROPE) and conduct convergence diagnostics (e.g., Gelman & Rubin, 1992).

Users are encouraged to apply justified priors by modifying existing JAGS models found in extdata/models or by adding custom models. Similarly, one might modify models to conduct posterior predictive checks (see Kruschke, 2013). The purpose of the framework is not to provide generic modules suitable for all circumstances, but rather act as a platform for modifying or developing models for a given project.

List of current modules

List of current visualizations

Prerequisites

Dependencies

Dependencies are automatically installed from CRAN. By default, outdated dependencies are automatically upgraded.

Installing

You can install bfw from GitHub. If you already have a previous version of bfw installed, using the command below will update to the latest development version.

Development version (GitHub)

devtools::install_github("oeysan/bfw")

Please note that stable versions are hosted at CRAN, whereas GitHub versions are in active development.

Stable version (CRAN)

utils::install.packages("bfw")

Issues

Please report any bugs/issues here

Example 1: Normal distributed data

Compute mean and standard deviation estimates.
Please see manual for more examples.

# Apply MASS to create normal distributed data 
# mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1
set.seed(99)
data <- data.frame(y =
                     MASS::mvrnorm(n=100,
                                   mu=0,
                                   Sigma=matrix(1, 1),
                                   empirical=TRUE) )

# Run normal distribution analysis on data
## Use 50 000 iterations, set seed for replication.
### Null value assessment is set at ROPE = -0.5 - 0.5 for mean
mcmc <- bfw(project.data = data,
            y = "y",
            saved.steps = 50000,
            jags.model = "mean",
            jags.seed = 100,
            ROPE = c(-0.5,0.5),
            silent = TRUE)

# Run t-distribution analysis on data
mcmc.robust <- bfw(project.data = data,
                   y = "y",
                   saved.steps = 50000,
                   jags.model = "mean",
                   jags.seed = 101,
                   ROPE = c(-0.5,0.5),
                   run.robust = TRUE,
                   silent = TRUE)

# Use psych to describe the normally distributed data
psych::describe(data)[,c(2:12)]
#>      n mean sd median trimmed  mad   min  max range  skew kurtosis
#> X1 100    0  1   0.17    0.04 0.81 -3.26 2.19  5.45 -0.57     0.53

# Print summary of normal distribution analysis
## Only the most relevant information is shown here
round(mcmc$summary.MCMC[,c(3:6,9:12)],3)
#>               Mode   ESS  HDIlo HDIhi ROPElo ROPEhi ROPEin   n
#> mu[1]: Y    -0.003 49830 -0.201 0.196      0      0    100 100
#> sigma[1]: Y  0.995 48890  0.869 1.150      0    100      0 100

# Print summary of t-distribution analysis
round(mcmc.robust$summary.MCMC[,c(3:6,9:12)],3)
#>              Mode   ESS  HDIlo HDIhi ROPElo ROPEhi ROPEin   n
#> mu[1]: Y    0.027 25887 -0.167 0.229      0      0    100 100
#> sigma[1]: Y 0.933 10275  0.749 1.115      0    100      0 100

Example 2: Same data but with outliers

# Add 10 outliers, each with a value of 10.
biased.data <- rbind(data,data.frame(y = rep(10,10)))

# Run normal distribution analyis on biased data
biased.mcmc <- bfw(project.data = biased.data,
                   y = "y",
                   saved.steps = 50000,
                   jags.model = "mean",
                   jags.seed = 102,
                   ROPE = c(-0.5,0.5),
                   silent = TRUE)

# Run t-distribution analysis on biased data
biased.mcmc.robust <- bfw(project.data = biased.data,
                          y = "y",
                          saved.steps = 50000,
                          jags.model = "mean",
                          jags.seed = 103,
                          ROPE = c(-0.5,0.5),
                          run.robust =TRUE,
                          silent = TRUE)

# Use psych to describe the biased data
psych::describe(biased.data)[,c(2:12)]
#>      n mean   sd median trimmed  mad   min max range skew kurtosis
#> X1 110 0.91 3.04   0.25    0.21 0.92 -3.26  10  13.3  2.3     4.38

# Print summary of normal distribution analysis on biased data
## Only the most relevant information is shown here
round(biased.mcmc$summary.MCMC[,c(3:6,9:12)],3)
#>              Mode   ESS HDIlo HDIhi ROPElo ROPEhi ROPEin   n
#> mu[1]: Y    0.922 50000 0.346  1.50      0     92   8.05 110
#> sigma[1]: Y 2.995 49069 2.662  3.48      0    100   0.00 110

# # Print summary of t-distribution analysis on biased data
round(biased.mcmc.robust$summary.MCMC[,c(3:6,9:12)],3)
#>              Mode   ESS  HDIlo HDIhi ROPElo ROPEhi  ROPEin   n
#> mu[1]: Y    0.168 29405 -0.015 0.355      0  0.008  99.992 110
#> sigma[1]: Y 0.679 17597  0.512 0.903      0 99.128   0.872 110

Example 3: Custom function and model

Shamelessly adapted from here (credits to James Curran).

# Create a function for left-censored data
custom.function <- function(DF, ...) {

  x <- as.vector(unlist(DF))
  x[x < log(29)] = NA
  n <- length(x)
  LOD <- rep(log(29), n)
  is.above.LOD <- ifelse(!is.na(x), 1, 0)
  lambda <- 0.5
  initial.x = rep(NA, length(x))
  n.missing <- sum(!is.above.LOD)
  initial.x[!is.above.LOD] <- runif(n.missing, 0, log(29))

  initial.list <- list(lambda = lambda,
                       x = initial.x
  )

  data.list <- list(n = n,
                    x = x,
                    LOD = LOD,
                    is.above.LOD = is.above.LOD
  )

  # Return data list
  return (
    list (
      params = "lambda",
      initial.list = initial.list,
      data.list = data.list,
      n.data = as.matrix(n)
      )
    )
}

# Create a model
custom.model = "
  model{
    for(i in 1:n){
      is.above.LOD[i] ~ dinterval(x[i], LOD[i])
      x[i] ~ dexp(lambda)
    }
    lambda ~ dgamma(0.001, 0.001)
  }
"

# Simulate some data
set.seed(35202)
project.data <- as.matrix(rexp(10000, rate = 1.05))

# Run analysis
custom.mcmc <- bfw(project.data = project.data,
                   custom.function = custom.function,
                   custom.model = custom.model,
                   saved.steps = 50000,
                   jags.seed = 100,
                   ROPE = c(1.01,1.05),
                   silent = TRUE)

# Print analysis
round(custom.mcmc$summary.MCMC[,c(3,5,6,9:12)],3)
#>     Mode    HDIlo    HDIhi   ROPElo   ROPEhi   ROPEin        n 
#>     1.03     1.00     1.06     7.64    14.33    78.03 10000.00

The cost of conducting robust estimates

# Running time for normal distribution analyis
biased.mcmc$run.time[2] - biased.mcmc$run.time[1]
#> Time difference of 7.92 secs

# Running time for t-distribution analysis
biased.mcmc.robust$run.time[2] - biased.mcmc.robust$run.time[1]
#> Time difference of 35.8 secs

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see LICENSE for details

Acknowledgments

Code of Conduct

Don’t be evil. Please read the Code of Conduct

References

These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.