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Maddison Project Database

Eric Persson

2022-05-01

Introduction

This package contains the Maddison Project Database, which contains estimates of GDP per capita for all countries in the world between AD 1 and 2016, in a format amenable to analysis in R.

The database was last updated in 2018.

As per instructions on the Maddison Project website, please site the data as follows:

Attribution requirement - When using these data (for whatever purpose), please make the following reference: - Maddison Project Database, version 2018. Bolt, Jutta, Robert Inklaar, Herman de Jong and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2018), “Rebasing ‘Maddison’: new income comparisons and the shape of long-run economic development”, Maddison Project Working paper 10 - For the references to the original research on individual countries, see Appendix A of Bolt et al. (2018).

Example use

library(maddison)
library(ggplot2)

str(maddison)
## tibble [19,873 x 12] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ countrycode: chr [1:19873] "AFG" "AFG" "AFG" "AFG" ...
##  $ country    : chr [1:19873] "Afghanistan" "Afghanistan" "Afghanistan" "Afghanistan" ...
##  $ year       : num [1:19873] 1820 1870 1913 1950 1951 ...
##  $ cgdppc     : num [1:19873] NA NA NA 2392 2422 ...
##  $ rgdpnapc   : num [1:19873] NA NA NA 2392 2422 ...
##  $ pop        : num [1:19873] 3280 4207 5730 8150 8284 ...
##  $ i_cig      : chr [1:19873] NA NA NA "Extrapolated" ...
##  $ i_bm       : chr [1:19873] NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ iso2c      : chr [1:19873] "AF" "AF" "AF" "AF" ...
##  $ iso3c      : chr [1:19873] "AFG" "AFG" "AFG" "AFG" ...
##  $ continent  : chr [1:19873] "Asia" "Asia" "Asia" "Asia" ...
##  $ region     : chr [1:19873] "Southern Asia" "Southern Asia" "Southern Asia" "Southern Asia" ...
head(maddison)
## # A tibble: 6 x 12
##   countrycode country      year cgdppc rgdpnapc   pop i_cig    i_bm  iso2c iso3c
##   <chr>       <chr>       <dbl>  <dbl>    <dbl> <dbl> <chr>    <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 AFG         Afghanistan  1820     NA       NA  3280 <NA>     <NA>  AF    AFG  
## 2 AFG         Afghanistan  1870     NA       NA  4207 <NA>     <NA>  AF    AFG  
## 3 AFG         Afghanistan  1913     NA       NA  5730 <NA>     <NA>  AF    AFG  
## 4 AFG         Afghanistan  1950   2392     2392  8150 Extrapo~ <NA>  AF    AFG  
## 5 AFG         Afghanistan  1951   2422     2422  8284 Extrapo~ <NA>  AF    AFG  
## 6 AFG         Afghanistan  1952   2462     2462  8425 Extrapo~ <NA>  AF    AFG  
## # ... with 2 more variables: continent <chr>, region <chr>
df <- subset(maddison, 
             year >= 1800 &
             iso2c %in% c("DE", "FR", "IT", "UK", "US"))

ggplot(df, aes(x = year, y = rgdpnapc, color = country)) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_y_log10() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(x = NULL, y = "GDP per capita (2011 U.S. dollars)\n", color = NULL,
       title = "GDP per capita (1800-2010)")

Disclaimer

This package is not affiliated with, nor endorsed by, the Maddison Project. I aim to update it whenever the database is updated. If you ever see that it is out-of-date, don’t hesitate to send a pull request and/or remind me to update it.

These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.