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terminaldigits

The package terminaldigits implements simulated tests of uniformity and independence for terminal digits. For certain parameters, terminaldigits also implements Monte Carlo simulations for type I errors and power for the test of independence. Simulations are run in C++ utilizing Rcpp.

Installation

You can install the development version of terminaldigits from GitHub with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("josh-mc/terminaldigits")

Usage

In many cases, terminal digits can be assumed to be uniformly distributed and independent of preceding digits. A violation of either of these assumptions may point to a data quality issue.

The following examples are based on a data set taken from the third round of a decoy experiment involving hand-washing purportedly carried out in a number of factories in China. For details, see decoy and Yu, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2018).

The td_uniformity function tests the assumption of uniformity using Pearson’s chi-squared statistic for goodness-of-fit.

library(terminaldigits)

td_uniformity(decoy$weight, decimals = 2, reps = 1000)
#> 
#>  Pearson's chi-squared GOF test for uniformity of terminal digits
#> 
#> data:  decoy$weight
#> Chi-squared = 539.67, p-value = 0.000999

The td_independence function tests the assumption of independence. The default statistic is again Pearson’s chi-squared statistic but the log-likelihood ratio statistic, the Freeman-Tukey statistic, and the root-mean-square statistic are also available.

td_independence(decoy$weight, decimals = 2, reps = 1000)
#> 
#>  Chisq test for independence of terminal digits
#> 
#> data:  decoy$weight
#> Chisq = 6422.4, p-value = 0.000999

The td_test function is a wrapper for the above two functions. For more details, including a discussion of the td_simulate function, see the package introduction vignette.

References

Yu, F., Nelson, L., & Simonsohn, U. (2018, December 5). “In Press at Psychological Science: A New ‘Nudge’ Supported by Implausible Data.” DataColoda 74. http://datacolada.org/74

These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.