# Usage

# Tutorial package calidad

The package aims to implement in a simple way the methodologies of INE Chile, ECLAC 2020 and ECLAC 2023 for the quality assessment of estimates from household surveys.

This tutorial shows the basic use of the package and includes the main functions to create the necessary inputs to implement both quality standards.

## Data edition

We will use two datasets:

- Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (efm 2020)
- VIII Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares

Both datasets are loaded into the package and they can be used when the package is loaded in the session 1. The data edition in the case of ENE has the purpuse of creating some subpopulations (work force, unemployed and unemployed).

    library(survey)
    library(calidad)
    library(dplyr)
    ene <- ene %>%
      mutate(fdt = if_else(cae_especifico >= 1 & cae_especifico <= 9, 1, 0), # labour force
             ocupado = if_else(cae_especifico >= 1 & cae_especifico <= 7, 1, 0), # employed
             desocupado = if_else(cae_especifico >= 8 & cae_especifico <= 9, 1, 0)) # unemployed

    # One row per household
    epf <- epf_personas %>%
      group_by(folio) %>%
      slice(1) %>%
      ungroup()

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## Sample design

Before starting to use the package, it is necessary to declare the sample design of the survey, for which we use the `survey` package. The primary sample unit, the stratum and weights must be declared. It is also possible to use a design with only weights, nevertheless in that case the variance will be estimated under simple random sampling assumption. In this case we will declare a complex design for the two surveys (EPF and ENE). Additionally, it may be useful to declare an option for strata that only have one PSU.

    # Store original options
    old_options <-  options()

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    # Complex sample design for ENE
    dc_ene <- svydesign(ids = ~conglomerado , strata = ~estrato_unico, data = ene, weights = ~fact_cal)

    # Complex sample design for EPF
    dc_epf <- svydesign(ids = ~varunit, strata = ~varstrat, data = epf, weights = ~fe)

    options(survey.lonely.psu = "certainty")

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## Inputs creation

### National Labour Survey (part 1)

To assess the quality of an estimate, the INE methodology establishes differentiated criteria for estimates of proportion (or ratio), on the one hand, and estimates of mean, size and total, on the other. In the case of proportion estimation, it is necessary to have the sample size, the degrees of freedom and the standard error. The other estimates require the sample size, the degrees of freedom, and the coefficient of variation.

The package includes separate functions to create the inputs for estimates of mean, proportion, totals and size. The following example shows how the proportion and size functions are used.

    insumos_prop <- create_prop(var = "desocupado", domains = "sexo", subpop = "fdt", design =  dc_ene) # proportion of unemployed people
    insumos_total <-  create_size(var = "desocupado", domains = "sexo", subpop = "fdt", design =  dc_ene) # number of unemployed people

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- `var`: variable to be estimated. Must be a dummy variable
- `domains`: required domains.
- `subpop`: reference subpopulation. It is optional and works as a filter (must be a dummy variable)
- `design`: sample design

The function returns all the neccesary inputs to implement the standard

To get more domains, we can use the “+” symbol as follows:

    desagregar <- create_prop(var = "desocupado", domains = "sexo+region", subpop = "fdt", design =  dc_ene)

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A useful parameter is `eclac_input`. It allows to return the ECLAC inputs. By default this parameter is FALSE and with the option TRUE we can activate it.

    eclac_inputs <-  create_prop(var = "desocupado", domains = "sexo+region", subpop = "fdt", design =  dc_ene, eclac_input = TRUE)

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### Household Budget Survey (part 2)

In some cases it may be of interest to assess the quality of a sum. For example, the sum of all the income of the EPF at the geographical area level (Gran Santiago and other regional capitals). For this, there is the `create_total` function. This function receives a continuous variable such as hours, expense, or income and generates totals at the requested level. The ending “with” of the function alludes to the fact that a continuous variable is being used.

    insumos_suma <-  create_total(var = "gastot_hd", domains = "zona", design =  dc_epf)

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If we want to assess the estimate of a mean, we have the function `create_mean`. In this case, we will calculate the average expenditure of households, according to geographical area.

    insumos_media <-  create_mean(var = "gastot_hd", domains = "zona", design =  dc_epf)

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The default usage is not to disaggregate, in which case the functions should be used as follows:

    # ENE dataset
    insumos_prop_nacional <- create_prop("desocupado", subpop = "fdt", design = dc_ene)
    insumos_total_nacional <-  create_total("desocupado", subpop = "fdt", design = dc_ene)
    # EPF dataset
    insumos_suma_nacional <- create_total("gastot_hd", design = dc_epf)
    insumos_media_nacional <-  create_mean("gastot_hd", design = dc_epf)

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The create functions also include a `ci` parameter, which allows returning the confidence interval. By default, this parameter is set to `FALSE.` For proportions, the logistic confidence interval is available. To use it, you need to set `ci_logit = TRUE`, as shown below:

    # ENE dataset
    prop_nacional_ci <- create_prop("desocupado", subpop = "fdt", design = dc_ene, ci = TRUE)
    prop_nacional_ci_logit <- create_prop("desocupado", subpop = "fdt", design = dc_ene, ci_logit = TRUE)

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## Assessment

Once the inputs have been generated, we can do the assessment. To do this, we use the `assess` function. By default, we apply the INE Chile criteria `scheme = 'chile'`. However, if we want to evaluate using ECLAC criteria, we need to specify `scheme = 'eclac_2020'` or `scheme = 'eclac_2023'`

    # INE Chile
    evaluacion_prop <- assess(insumos_prop)
    evaluacion_tot <- assess(insumos_total)
    evaluacion_suma <- assess(insumos_suma)
    evaluacion_media <- assess(insumos_media)

    # ECLAC
    evaluacion_cepal_2020 <- assess(eclac_inputs, scheme = 'eclac_2020')
    evaluacion_cepal_2023 <- assess(eclac_inputs, scheme = 'eclac_2023')

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The output is a `dataframe` that, in addition to containing the information already generated, includes a column that indicates whether the estimate is unreliable, less reliable or reliable.

The function `assess` has a parameter that allows us to know if the table should be published or not. Following the criteria of the standard, if more than 50% of the estimates of a table are not reliable, it should not be published.

    # Unemployment by region
    desagregar <- create_size(var = "desocupado", domains = "region", subpop = "fdt", design =  dc_ene)

    # assess output
    evaluacion_tot_desagreg <- assess(desagregar, publish = T)
    evaluacion_tot_desagreg

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    # Reset original options
    options(old_options)

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1. The data contained within the package has some editions. It is important to note that haven::labelled objects may have some collision with quality functions. If you want to import a dta file, all variables that are of type haven::labelled must be converted to numeric or character.↩︎