% File src/library/datasets/man/UKDriverDeaths.Rd
% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
% Copyright 1995-2026 R Core Team
% Distributed under GPL 2 or later

\name{UKDriverDeaths}
\docType{data}
\alias{UKDriverDeaths}
\alias{Seatbelts}
\title{
  Road Casualties in Great Britain 1969--84
}
\description{
  \code{UKDriverDeaths} is a time series giving the monthly totals
  of car drivers in
  Great Britain killed or seriously injured Jan 1969 to Dec 1984.
  Compulsory wearing of seat belts was introduced on 31 Jan 1983.
  The effects of this intervention were analyzed by
  \bibcitet{R:Harvey+Durbin:1986}.

  \code{Seatbelts} is more information on the same problem.
}
\usage{
UKDriverDeaths
Seatbelts
}
\format{
  \code{Seatbelts} is a multiple time series, with columns
  \describe{
    \item{\code{DriversKilled}}{car drivers killed.}
    \item{\code{drivers}}{same as \code{UKDriverDeaths}.}
    \item{\code{front}}{front-seat passengers killed or seriously injured.}
    \item{\code{rear}}{rear-seat passengers killed or seriously injured.}
    \item{\code{kms}}{distance driven.}
    \item{\code{PetrolPrice}}{petrol price.}
    \item{\code{VanKilled}}{number of van (\sQuote{light goods vehicle})
      drivers killed.}
    \item{\code{law}}{0/1: was the law in effect that month?}
  }
}
\source{
  \bibinfo{R:Durbin+Koopman:2001}{footer}{
    Data was available from the book website, now archived at
    \url{https://web.archive.org/web/20020304222057/http://www.ssfpack.com/dkbook/}.}
  \describe{
    \item{Of \code{UKDriverDeaths}:}{\bibshow{R:Harvey:1989} Pages 519--523.}
    \item{Of \code{Seatbelts}, additionally:}{\bibshow{R:Durbin+Koopman:2001}}
  }
}
\references{
  \bibshow{*}
}
\examples{
require(stats); require(graphics)
## work with pre-seatbelt period to identify a model, use logs
work <- window(log10(UKDriverDeaths), end = 1982+11/12)
par(mfrow = c(3, 1))
plot(work); acf(work); pacf(work)
par(mfrow = c(1, 1))
(fit <- arima(work, c(1, 0, 0), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0))))
z <- predict(fit, n.ahead = 24)
ts.plot(log10(UKDriverDeaths), z$pred, z$pred+2*z$se, z$pred-2*z$se,
        lty = c(1, 3, 2, 2), col = c("black", "red", "blue", "blue"))

## now see the effect of the explanatory variables
X <- Seatbelts[, c("kms", "PetrolPrice", "law")]
X[, 1] <- log10(X[, 1]) - 4
arima(log10(Seatbelts[, "drivers"]), c(1, 0, 0),
      seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0)), xreg = X)
}
\keyword{datasets}
