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CKKS encode encrypt 2

Load libraries that will be used.

library(polynom)
library(HomomorphicEncryption)

Set a working seed for random numbers (so that random numbers can be replicated exactly).

set.seed(123)

Set some parameters.

M     <-   8
N     <-   M / 2
scale <- 200
xi    <- complex(real = cos(2 * pi / M), imaginary = sin(2 * pi / M))

Create the (complex) numbers we will encode.

z <- c(complex(real=3, imaginary=4), complex(real=2, imaginary=-1))
print(z)
#> [1] 3+4i 2-1i

Now we encode the vector of complex numbers to a polynomial.

pi_z                <- pi_inverse(z)
scaled_pi_z         <- scale * pi_z
rounded_scale_pi_zi <- sigma_R_discretization(xi, M, scaled_pi_z)
m                   <- sigma_inverse(xi, M, rounded_scale_pi_zi)
coef                <- as.vector(round(Re(m)))
m                   <- polynomial(coef)

Let’s view the result.

print(m)
#> 500 + 283*x + 500*x^2 + 142*x^3

Set some parameters:

n  =  16
p  =   7
q  = 874
pm = polynomial( coef=c(1, rep(0, n-1), 1 ) )

Create the secret key and the polynomials a and e, which will go into the public key:

# generate a secret key
s = polynomial( sample.int(3, n, replace=TRUE)-2 )

# generate a
a = polynomial(sample.int(q, n, replace=TRUE))

# generate the error
e = polynomial( coef=round(stats::rnorm(n, 0, n/3)) )

Generate the public key:

pk0 = CoefMod(-(a*s +e)%%pm,q)
pk1 = a

Create polynomials for the encryption:

# polynomials for encryption
e1 = polynomial( coef=round(stats::rnorm(n, 0, n/3)) )
e2 = polynomial( coef=round(stats::rnorm(n, 0, n/3)) )
u  = polynomial( coef=sample.int(3, (n-1), replace=TRUE)-2 )

Generate the ciphertext (encryption):

ct0 = CoefMod((pk0*u + e1 + m) %% pm, q)
ct1 = CoefMod((pk1*u + e2    ) %% pm, q)

Decrypt:

decrypt <- (ct1 * s) + ct0
decrypt <- decrypt %% pm
decrypt <- CoefMod(decrypt, q)
print(decrypt[1:length(coef(m))])
#> [1] 450 254 515 119

Let’s decode to obtain the original numbers:

rescaled_p <- decrypt[1:length(m)] / scale
z          <- sigma_function(xi, M, rescaled_p)
decoded_z  <- pi_function(M, z)

print(decoded_z)
#> [1] 2.727297+3.893754i 1.772703-1.256246i

The decoded z is indeed very close to the original z, we round the result to make the clearer.

round(decoded_z)
#> [1] 3+4i 2-1i

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They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.