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Phylogenetic comparative methods represent models of continuous trait data associated with the tips of a phylogenetic tree. Examples of such models are Gaussian continuous time branching stochastic processes such as Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) processes, which regard the data at the tips of the tree as an observed (final) state of a Markov process starting from an initial state at the root and evolving along the branches of the tree. The PCMBase R package provides a general framework for manipulating such models. This framework consists of an application programming interface for specifying data and model parameters, and efficient algorithms for simulating trait evolution under a model and calculating the likelihood of model parameters for an assumed model and trait data. The package implements a growing collection of models, which currently includes BM, OU, BM/OU with jumps, two-speed OU as well as mixed Gaussian models, in which different types of the above models can be associated with different branches of the tree. Note that the PCMBase package does not implement model inference. Due to the enormous variety of models and possible model inference methods, this functionality is delegated to other packages that, taking advantage of PCMBase’s fast likelihood calculation, can implement maximum likelihood (ML) or Bayesian inference methods. For example, the PCMFit package provides heuristic-based ML fit of (mixed) Gaussian phylogenetic models (Mitov, Bartoszek, and Stadler 2019).
The function PCMTreePlot in the package is implemented based on the R-package ggtree, which is not on CRAN. It is highly recommended to install this package in order to visualize trees with colored parts corresponding to different evolutionary regimes. If ggtree is not installed, the package will fail to run examples and generate the vignettes. At the time of writing this documentation, ggtree can be installed from bioconductor through the following code (if that does not work, check the ggtree home page):
if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
install.packages("BiocManager")
BiocManager::install("ggtree", version = "3.8")A stable but possibly old version of PCMBase is available on CRAN and can be installed with this command:
The newest but possibly less stable and tested version of the package can be installed using:
The user guides and technical reference for the library are available from the PCMBase web-page.
The research article “Fast likelihood calculation for multivariate Gaussian phylogenetic models with shifts”, published in Theoretical Population Biology provides a thorough description of the likelihood calculation algorithm currently implemented in PCMBase. Appendix A of this article gives an overview of the modular structure and the features of the package.
The PCMBase source code is located in the PCMBase github repository.
Feature requests, bugs, etc can be reported in the PCMBase issues list.
To give credit to the PCMBase package in a publication, please cite the following article:
Mitov, V., Bartoszek, K., Asimomitis, G., & Stadler, T. (2019). Fast likelihood calculation for multivariate Gaussian phylogenetic models with shifts. Theor. Popul. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2019.11.005
The PCMBase R-package uses the following 3rd party R-packages:
Copyright 2016-2021 Venelin Mitov
Source code to PCMBase is made available under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. PCMBase is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
Dowle, Matt, and Arun Srinivasan. 2019. Data.table: Extension of ‘Data.frame‘. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=data.table.
Genz, Alan, Frank Bretz, Tetsuhisa Miwa, Xuefei Mi, and Torsten Hothorn. 2018. Mvtnorm: Multivariate Normal and t Distributions. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mvtnorm.
Goulet, Vincent, Christophe Dutang, Martin Maechler, David Firth, Marina Shapira, and Michael Stadelmann. 2018. Expm: Matrix Exponential, Log, ’Etc’. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=expm.
Hester, Jim. 2018. Covr: Test Coverage for Packages. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=covr.
Mitov, Venelin, Krzysztof Bartoszek, and Tanja Stadler. 2019. “Automatic generation of evolutionary hypotheses using mixed Gaussian phylogenetic models.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 35 (August): 201813823.
Paradis, Emmanuel, Simon Blomberg, Ben Bolker, Joseph Brown, Julien Claude, Hoa Sien Cuong, Richard Desper, et al. 2018. Ape: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ape.
Wickham, Hadley. 2018. Testthat: Unit Testing for r. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=testthat.
Wickham, Hadley, Winston Chang, Lionel Henry, Thomas Lin Pedersen, Kohske Takahashi, Claus Wilke, and Kara Woo. 2018. Ggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggplot2.
Wickham, Hadley, Peter Danenberg, and Manuel Eugster. 2018. Roxygen2: In-Line Documentation for r. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=roxygen2.
Wickham, Hadley, and Jay Hesselberth. 2018. Pkgdown: Make Static HTML Documentation for a Package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pkgdown.
Yu, Guangchuang, and Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam. 2019. Ggtree: An r Package for Visualization and Annotation of Phylogenetic Trees with Their Covariates and Other Associated Data. https://guangchuangyu.github.io/software/ggtree/.
These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.