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ci_inad(),
test_homogeneity_inad(), and
run_homogeneity_tests_inad() use the first four occasions
of the bolus data and Poisson innovations, so that they run in seconds;
test_homogeneity_inad() now shows how fits are reused
across tests.test_homogeneity_inad() now cites the
INAD manuscript as under review.fit_inad() gains a constrain argument for
time-invariance constraints ("alpha",
"alpha1", "alpha2", "theta",
"kappa", "innovation", "both",
"all"). Constrained models are refitted by maximizing the
observed-data log-likelihood jointly over every remaining free
parameter, including negative binomial innovation sizes, and are
finished with Newton steps using the exact score and observed
information. n_params, AIC, and
BIC count only the free parameters.ci_inad() now computes the observed information exactly
by Louis’ identity for all free parameters jointly: models of order 0,
1, and 2, with or without block effects, with or without time-invariance
constraints, and including the negative binomial innovation size.
method = "hessian" gives the numerical observed-data
Hessian (fixed absolute steps) as a check. Intervals for positive
parameters are formed on the log scale by default
(log_scale = TRUE); the full covariance matrix is returned
as vcov. Block effects receive Wald intervals in
tau; for unconstrained fits, profile-likelihood intervals
are also returned in tau_profile.em_inad() is now an exact EM algorithm for all nine
thinning-innovation combinations. The E-step evaluates the full
conditional distribution of the latent thinned counts, so the expected
complete-data log-likelihood is exact even for negative binomial
innovations, whose log-likelihood is not linear in the latent counts;
negative binomial innovation sizes are now estimated. With block effects
the innovation parameters are updated by conditional maximization (ECM).
The returned fit includes n_params, aic, and
bic.test_stationarity_inad() and
run_stationarity_tests_inad() support constraints on
negative binomial innovation sizes ("kappa",
"innovation", "all").ad_fit parent
class while retaining their family-specific classes
(gau_fit, cat_fit, and
inad_fit).fit_ad() as a unified fitting entry point for
Gaussian, categorical, and INAD workflows.anova() methods for likelihood-ratio comparison
of nested antedependence fits. For INAD fits of different orders no
chi-square p-value is given, because the comparison is a boundary
problem.kkt_inad() evaluates the exact score of a fitted
INAD model and checks the first-order (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions,
reporting estimates on the boundary of the parameter space and on the
negative binomial size cap. Interior stationarity requires a positive
definite observed information, a Newton decrement and single-parameter
quantities s_j^2 / I_jj no larger than the tolerance. A boundary
estimate whose one-sided score points into the parameter space passes
only if a line search on the observed-data log-likelihood along that
parameter finds no increase above the tolerance.fit_inad() gains newton_polish = TRUE:
complete-data fits are finished by Newton steps with the exact score and
observed information, holding boundary estimates whose score points
outward fixed. A coefficient exactly on a bound where its thinned count
is degenerate, and whose one-sided score points inward, is first moved
off the bound by a line search on the observed-data log-likelihood.test_order_inad() no longer reports an ordinary
chi-square p-value, which is not valid when the added thinning
coefficients are on the boundary under the null hypothesis. By default
(reference = "none") it reports the likelihood ratio
statistic and BIC values only; reference = "chibar" gives a
working binomial-weight chi-bar-square p-value, with a warning for
models with block effects, for which these weights have not been
established. use_chibar is deprecated.fit_inad() (models with and
without block effects, constrained fits, and missing-data fits)
restricted every thinning coefficient to be below 1. Only binomial
thinning requires this; Poisson and negative binomial thinning
coefficients may now exceed 1, as in em_inad(), so that
both algorithms maximize over the same parameter space.
simulate_inad() likewise accepts negative binomial thinning
coefficients of 1 or more.fit_inad() eliminated
the innovation mean through the sample moment equation and required the
implied innovation mean to be positive, so maxima with the innovation
mean on its boundary (zero) were missed. Each time point’s parameters
are now optimized jointly from several starting values (including the
nested lower-order fit), so that an order-2 fit is never worse than the
order-1 fit. For order-2 Bell models, the reported Bell parameter at the
second occasion was the innovation mean.na_action = "marginalize")
restricted each thinned count to be no larger than the count being
thinned, which is wrong for Poisson and negative binomial thinning; fits
to incomplete data with these operators were therefore incorrect.fit_inad() and
em_inad().settings$path whether they were
completed by these Newton steps or needed the derivative-free
search.kkt_inad() could accept a fit with a zero coefficient that
a small increase would improve, and the Newton steps held such
coefficients at zero. The exact one-sided derivative is now used.
kkt_inad() also accepted a negative Newton decrement when
the observed information was indefinite; it now requires positive
definiteness.prob = 1/(1 + alpha), from which dnbinom()
recovers alpha/(1 + alpha) by subtraction. For small alpha
this loses about -log10(alpha) digits in the probabilities of positive
thinned counts. At alpha = 1e-12, where EM leaves a coefficient at its
lower limit, the score was off by about 0.4%; log-likelihoods were
affected only by rounding. The pmf now uses the equivalent mean
parameterization.test_stationarity_inad() held
negative binomial innovation sizes fixed at their unconstrained
estimates instead of re-estimating them, giving incorrect likelihood
ratio statistics and BIC values for negative binomial innovations..chi_bar_pvalue() (used by
test_order_inad(use_chibar = TRUE)) counted the point mass
at zero as contributing 1 to the upper tail, inflating every
chi-bar-square p-value by 2^-r.test_order_inad(),
bic_order_inad(), and test_stationarity_inad()
now include one negative binomial innovation size per time point and the
coefficient alpha_{2,1} of order-2 models, as in
fit_inad(). For order 2, the "alpha1"
constraint now includes alpha_{2,1} instead of fixing it at zero.em_inad() restricted the latent thinned counts to be no
larger than the count being thinned, which is wrong for Poisson and
negative binomial thinning, and capped their coefficients below 1.uniroot() default tolerance), so Bell
log-likelihoods with block effects are smooth in the parameters.ci_inad() for order-2 models
used only the lag-1 coefficient, and Bell intervals with block effects
omitted the chain rule from the innovation mean to the Bell
parameter.tau standard errors and confidence
intervals are aligned in downstream tables (Wald in tau;
profile likelihood in tau_profile).coef() now returns a named numeric vector by default
for standard R compatibility; use type = "list" for the
previous structured inspection format.confint() now returns a standard two-column matrix for
all fit families; the structured ci_gau(),
ci_cat(), and ci_inad() helpers remain
available.vcov() support using confidence-interval
standard errors where available, improving compatibility with tools such
as lmtest::coeftest().aic_*() and bic_*()
helpers are retained as thin compatibility wrappers for existing code,
but examples and new documentation prefer the standard
AIC() and BIC() generics.deviance(), confint(), and
vcov() for gau_fit, cat_fit, and
inad_fit objects, improving compatibility with standard R
model-fitting workflows.summary.partial_corr() method prints a lag-by-lag
table of intervenor-adjusted partial correlations (mean absolute value,
range, and number of significant pairs at each lag).ci_inad(),
fit_gau_em(), and cat_test_stats.R now uses
chol2inv(chol(.)) instead of solve() for
symmetric positive-definite matrices, improving numerical stability and
efficiency.fit_inad() gains a nb_inno_size_ub
argument (default 50) that caps the upper bound of the negative-binomial
innovation size parameter during optimization, improving numerical
stability for near-Poisson data.test_order_gau() accepts order_null and
order_alt as convenience aliases for p and the
absolute alternative order; both are also returned in the result
object.ci_inad(): fixed a sign error in the observed Fisher
information for the negative-binomial innovation size parameter; the
Hessian term (r + u) / (r + λ)² was added instead of
subtracted, producing confidence intervals that were too wide.ci_inad(): the numerical second derivative for
nb_inno_size CIs now retries with progressively smaller
step sizes (×0.1, ×0.01) before falling back to NA, avoiding spurious
failures when the default step lands in a non-finite region.test_homogeneity_inad(): degrees of freedom for LRT
tests involving innovation = "nbinom" are now computed from
the actual number of NB size parameters in the fitted models rather than
assuming a fixed count of 1. This corrects LRT statistics and p-values
whenever nb_inno_size is fitted as a time-varying
vector.ci_inad() tau profile CI: nb_inno_size
(negative-binomial innovation dispersion) is now held fixed at its
full-model MLE during profile refits, consistent with the
constrained-fit paradigm used throughout the package. Previously it was
re-optimised as a nuisance parameter, which could widen the interval to
the point of crossing zero even when the LRT clearly rejects the null
(Variant 1 vs Variant 2 fix).ci_inad() tau profile CI: the bracket search in
.ci_tau_profile_inad no longer imposes an artificial upper
cap (max(|tau_mle| + 1, 1)) on the search range. The
maximum bracket iterations are increased from 20 to 50 and the initial
step size is set to max(0.1, |tau_mle| * 0.2), preventing
the search from stalling for large or near-zero MLEs.fit_*, em_*, simulate_*,
logL_*).logL_gau() default missing-data behavior is now
na_action = "fail" (previously marginalization-first in
earlier drafts). For missing inputs, pass
na_action = "marginalize" or
na_action = "complete" explicitly.labor_force_cat (categorical
labor-force sequences) and race_100km (continuous 100km
race split times).These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.