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Fixed: materialise_chunk(fun = "sum") assigned 1 to
interior run cells instead of adding 1, so where polygon interiors
overlapped the sum undercounted (and disagreed with
extract_burn(fun = "sum"), which documents that it
reproduces materialise_chunk()). Interiors now accumulate
like edges, lines and points.
Fixed: a non-finite extent (Inf, or a span that
overflows double precision) reached the core with an infinite cell size
and crashed R with a C stack overflow. burn() now errors,
and the core’s own grid validation rejects non-finite bounds for every
binding.
?burn no longer says that
materialise_chunk() refuses mixed geometry kinds or refers
to an id = filter it doesn’t have. It sums whatever it is
given; extract_burn(fun = "sum") is the one that refuses
mixed kinds.
The row-centre crossing fix below (#19) is now also part of the
shared parity fixtures (fixtures/), so the C++, R and
Python suites all check it.
Fixed: in coverage mode, a vertex lying a few ulp off a cell edge
(e.g. a vertex at 0.3 on a grid with resolution 0.1, where the edge is
computed as 3 * 0.1 = 0.30000000000000004) sent the cell walker off the
grid along the extrapolated edge until memory was exhausted; where it
did return, a degenerate corner exit made left_hand_area()
over-count the cell. Vertices within 1e-9 of a cell (relative to
resolution) of an edge are now snapped onto it before the walk; a
crossing computed beyond a segment’s end is clamped to the cell; and a
non-converging ring walk throws a clear error instead of
bad_alloc. The same input crashes exactextractr, so this is
inherited from the exactextract traversal. Fix lives in
cpp/src/scanline.cpp and is synced to
src/.
Fixed: in coverage mode, an edge crossing a row’s centre line exactly on a column wall registered no winding delta in either adjacent cell, and the row lost its interior runs from that column on. Pre-existing (the Falkland Islands from Natural Earth 110m lose two cells at 0.5 degrees), but the lattice snapping above puts many more crossings exactly on walls and made it far more visible. The crossing test is now half-open at the row centre in coverage mode as it already was in approx mode. Natural Earth 110m at 0.01 degree is now 0.035 square degrees short of the planar area, versus 0.50 before; no geometry gets worse.
Fixed: in approx mode, a vertex sitting on a row’s centre line (as a user computes it, one ulp from the same line recomputed from the extent) could flip the sign of that edge’s intercept, after which the row filled from the polygon to the right edge of the grid. The crossing direction now comes from the edge’s own endpoints. Found by the property-based suite in controlledburn-rs.
materialise_chunk() gains a target
argument: materialise only a sub-window of the burn grid, via
crop_burn(), without allocating the full grid. The chunk is
identical to the corresponding sub-matrix of the full
materialisation.
Internal: the vendored C++ core now emits 0-based indices with an
exclusive col_end and id = k (aligning with
controlledburn-rs and every non-R consumer). The cpp11 shim
(src/scanline_shim.cpp) adds 1 to row/col/col_start/id to
restore the package’s 1-based, inclusive contract, so R output is
unchanged.
burn() replaces
burn_scanline() as the main entry point.
burn_scanline() remains as a deprecated wrapper.
burn_sparse() removed. The function
is now a deprecated stub that errors with a message directing users to
burn(). All GEOS-dependent code has been removed; the
package no longer depends on libgeos.
Polygon boundary cells: $edges$weight renamed to
$edges$fraction (done in a previous dev cycle, retained
here for completeness).
extract_burn() to extract values at points
mode = c("coverage", "approx")
parameter on burn(). "coverage" (default)
computes exact coverage fractions for polygon boundary cells via the
analytical traversal engine. "approx" uses the cell-centre
rule (fasterize semantics): boundary cells are included as full run
cells iff the cell centre is inside the polygon. No $edges
produced in approx mode. Lines and points are unaffected by
mode.
crop_burn(x, target) extracts a
sub-window from a controlledburn result. Filters and clips
runs/edges/lines/points to the target extent (snapped outward to cell
boundaries), re-bases row/col indices. Pure R data frame filtering — no
dense allocation.
Lightweight approx sweep. Approx mode uses a dedicated edge-row intersection sweep (~120 lines of C++) that bypasses the exactextract walker entirely. On CGAZ (218 countries, 10.1M vertices), this is 1.6–14.5× faster than the walker-based path and crosses over fasterize at ~134 million cells. At 537M cells, controlledburn is 6.8× faster than fasterize; at 8.6 billion cells (where fasterize runs out of memory), the sweep completes in 2.4 seconds.
Cell-for-cell fasterize parity. On NC counties at 2000×800, the lightweight sweep produces identical output to fasterize (zero discrepant cells). Boundary conventions match fasterize: left-inclusive, top-inclusive, half-open interval for horizontal edges at cell-centre y-coordinates.
C++ core (cpp/): pure C++17 library
with zero external dependencies, built and tested independently via
CMake/CTest. tools/sync-core.sh derives R package sources
from the canonical core.
Python bindings (python/): pybind11
+ scikit-build-core. burn() accepts WKB bytes and supports
mode="coverage" and mode="approx". 33 pytest
cases pass.
Shared parity fixtures (fixtures/):
CSV files with WKT, WKB hex, grid specs, and expected results. Read by
C++, R, and Python test suites for cross-language consistency.
CI for all three surfaces: C++ ctest, Python pytest, R CMD check.
libgeos (LinkingTo and
Imports). The vendored exactextract subset is trimmed to 9 GEOS-free
analytical geometry files.cpp11 (LinkingTo),
wk (Imports).sf, fasterize) are
optional and gated behind skip_if_not_installed(). NC
county test fixture is bundled as serialised WKB — no sf or
vapour needed at test time.Unified geometry rasterization: burn() handles
polygon, line, and point input through a single entry point with
type-pure output tables ($runs, $edges,
$lines, $points).
process_polygon_approx(): the lightweight sweep. For
each polygon edge, computes x-intercepts at each row’s y_mid,
accumulates winding per row, sweeps left-to-right to emit runs.
Top-inclusive half-open interval (ya, yb] matches the
walker’s crossing convention.
process_polygon(): the full walker path for coverage
mode. Uses the exactextract traversal engine for exact analytical
coverage fractions.
Edge zoo (tests/testthat/test-edge-zoo.R) pins
canonical rasterizer edge cases by category. Each test pins a
convention, not just a numerical expectation.
vignette("architecture") documents the full
development story: fasterize origins, exactextract integration, GEOS
replacement, dual-mode engine, and scaling characteristics.
Complete rewrite of controlledburn using the exactextract algorithm (Daniel Baston, vendored from exactextractr) for exact polygon-grid coverage fractions.
burn_scanline(): O(perimeter) scanline sweep with
winding-number interior classification and exact boundary coverage
fractions. No dense matrix allocation — output is sparse runs + edges
tables.
burn_sparse(): Reference implementation using the
exactextract dense algorithm, compressed to the same sparse output
format.
materialise_chunk(): Opt-in expansion to dense
matrix or vector, with per-polygon-id filtering.
Default grid parameters: extent derived from geometry bbox via
wk::wk_bbox(), dimension auto-fitted to 256 cells on the
long axis preserving aspect ratio, or specified as
resolution.
Geometry input via wk::wkb(),
geos_geometry, sfc, blob, or raw
WKB list (compatible with vapour/gdalraster output).
Moved from Rcpp to cpp11, using libgeos for GEOS access.
Scanline algorithm: lightweight walk using
Box::crossing() directly (no Cell class
allocation), winding-count interior classification, analytical
single-traversal coverage via
perimeter_distance().
Validated against burn_sparse across 52 test cases: simple shapes, NC counties, shared boundaries, edge cases (grid-aligned edges, slivers, extent clipping, degenerate shapes).
O(perimeter) scaling confirmed by benchmark: 17× faster than dense at 3200×3200 resolution for complex shapes. Memory: sparse output ~50 MB vs ~2 GB dense for real-world 32K×16K grids.
Derived from fasterize (Noam Ross, EcoHealth Alliance) — original scanline edge logic for polygon rasterization.
Previous controlledburn (0.0.2) returned binary in/out run-length
indexes without coverage fractions. That code is archived at
archive0-2026-02-13 branch.
Basic function working, return a list of triplets of zero-index start,end,line index.
Raster package objects and use removed.
Converted from fasterize edge scanline logic, to not materialize any raster data. Armadillo usage removed.
These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.