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Title:

Analyze ForestGEO Data

Version:

1.1.15

Description:

To help you access, transform, analyze, and visualize ForestGEO data, we developed a collection of R packages (https://forestgeo.github.io/fgeo/). This package, in particular, helps you to implement analyses of plot species distributions, topography, demography, and biomass. It also includes a torus translation test to determine habitat associations of tree species as described by Zuleta et al. (2018) <doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3878-0>. To learn more about ForestGEO visit https://forestgeo.si.edu/.

License:

GPL-3

URL:

https://github.com/forestgeo/fgeo.analyze

BugReports:

https://github.com/forestgeo/fgeo.analyze/issues

Depends:

R (≥ 3.2)

Imports:

dplyr (≥ 0.8.0.1), fgeo.tool (≥ 1.2.4), glue (≥ 1.3.1), graphics, lubridate (≥ 1.7.4), magrittr (≥ 1.5), MASS, purrr (≥ 0.3.2), rlang (≥ 0.3.4), stats, tibble (≥ 2.1.1), tidyr (≥ 0.8.3), withr (≥ 2.1.2)

Suggests:

covr (≥ 3.2.1), fgeo.plot (≥ 1.1.8), fgeo.x (≥ 1.1.3), ggplot2 (≥ 3.1.1), knitr (≥ 1.22), measurements (≥ 1.3.0), readr (≥ 1.3.1), rmarkdown (≥ 1.12), spelling (≥ 2.1), testthat (≥ 2.1.1)

Encoding:

UTF-8

Language:

en-US

RoxygenNote:

7.3.2

NeedsCompilation:

Packaged:

2025-04-03 16:19:47 UTC; rstudio

Author:

Mauro Lepore

[aut, ctr, cre], Gabriel Arellano [aut, rev], Richard Condit [aut], Matteo Detto [aut], Kyle Harms [aut], Suzanne Lao [aut, rev], KangMin Ngo [rev], Haley Overstreet [rev], Sabrina Russo [aut, rev], Daniel Zuleta [aut, rev], CTFS-ForestGEO [cph]

Maintainer:

Mauro Lepore <maurolepore@gmail.com>

Repository:

CRAN

Date/Publication:

2025-04-03 16:40:01 UTC

fgeo.analyze: Analyze ForestGEO Data

Description

To help you access, transform, analyze, and visualize ForestGEO data, we developed a collection of R packages (https://forestgeo.github.io/fgeo/). This package, in particular, helps you to implement analyses of plot species distributions, topography, demography, and biomass. It also includes a torus translation test to determine habitat associations of tree species as described by Zuleta et al. (2018) doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3878-0. To learn more about ForestGEO visit https://forestgeo.si.edu/.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Mauro Lepore maurolepore@gmail.com (ORCID) [contractor]

Authors:

Gabriel Arellano gabriel.arellano.torres@gmail.com [reviewer]
Richard Condit richardcondit@gmail.com
Matteo Detto teoparaglider@gmail.com
Kyle Harms kharms@lsu.edu
Suzanne Lao laoz@si.edu [reviewer]
Sabrina Russo srusso2@unl.edu [reviewer]
Daniel Zuleta dfzuleta@gmail.com [reviewer]

Other contributors:

KangMin Ngo ngokangmin@gmail.com [reviewer]
Haley Overstreet OverstreetH@si.edu [reviewer]
CTFS-ForestGEO ForestGEO@si.edu [copyright holder]

Pipe operator

Description

See magrittr::%>% for details.

Usage

lhs %>% rhs

Abundance and basal area, optionally by groups.

Description

abundance() counts the number of rows in a dataset, optionally by groups created with dplyr::group_by() (similar to dplyr::n()). It warns if it detects duplicated values of treeid.
basal_area() sums the basal area of all stems in a dataset, optionally by groups created with dplyr::group_by(). It warns if it detects duplicated values of stemid. It does not convert units (but see examples).

Both abundance() and basal_area() warn if they detect multiple censusid and multiple plots.

Usage

abundance(data)

basal_area(data)

Arguments

data

A dataframe. basal_area() requires a column named dbh (case insensitive).

Details

You may want to calculate the abundance or basal area for a specific subset of data (e.g. "alive" stems or stems which dbh is within some range). Subsetting data is not the job of these functions. Instead see base::subset(), dplyr::filter(), or [.

Examples

library(fgeo.tool)

# abundance() -------------------------------------------------------------

abundance(data.frame(1))

# One stem per tree
tree <- tribble(
  ~TreeID, ~StemID, ~DBH,
  "1", "1.1", 11,
  "2", "2.1", 21
)

abundance(tree)

# One tree with multiple stems
stem <- tribble(
  ~TreeID, ~StemID, ~DBH,
  "1", "1.1", 11,
  "1", "1.2", 12
)

abundance(stem)

# Skip R CMD check for speed

# Similar but more realistic
assert_is_installed("fgeo.x")
stem <- fgeo.x::download_data("luquillo_stem5_random")

abundance(stem)

abundance(pick_main_stem(stem))


vft <- tribble(
  ~PlotName, ~CensusID, ~TreeID, ~StemID, ~DBH,
  "p", 1, "1", "1.1", 10,
  "q", 2, "1", "1.1", 10
)

# * Warns if it detects multiple values of censusid or plotname
# * Also warns if it detects duplicated values of treeid
abundance(vft)

# If trees have buttressess, the data may have multiple stems per treeid or
# multiple measures per stemid.
vft2 <- tribble(
  ~CensusID, ~TreeID, ~StemID, ~DBH, ~HOM,
  1, "1", "1.1", 88, 130,
  1, "1", "1.1", 10, 160,
  1, "2", "2.1", 20, 130,
  1, "2", "2.2", 30, 130,
)

# You should count only the main stem of each tree
(main_stem <- pick_main_stem(vft2))

abundance(main_stem)

vft3 <- tribble(
  ~CensusID, ~TreeID, ~StemID, ~DBH, ~HOM,
  1, "1", "1.1", 20, 130,
  1, "1", "1.2", 10, 160, # Main stem
  2, "1", "1.1", 12, 130,
  2, "1", "1.2", 22, 130 # Main stem
)

# You can compute by groups
by_census <- group_by(vft3, CensusID)
(main_stems_by_census <- pick_main_stem(by_census))

abundance(main_stems_by_census)

# basal_area() ------------------------------------------------------------

# Data must have a column named dbh (case insensitive)
basal_area(data.frame(dbh = 1))

# * Warns if it detects multiple values of censusid or plotname
# * Also warns if it detects duplicated values of stemid
basal_area(vft)

# First you may pick the main stemid of each stem
(main_stemids <- pick_main_stemid(vft2))

basal_area(main_stemids)

# You can compute by groups
basal_area(by_census)

# Skip R CMD check for speed

measurements_is_installed <- requireNamespace("measurements", quietly = TRUE)
if (measurements_is_installed) {
  library(measurements)

  # Convert units
  ba <- basal_area(by_census)
  ba$basal_area_he <- conv_unit(
    ba$basal_area,
    from = "mm2",
    to = "hectare"
  )

  ba
}

Create tables of abundance and basal area by year.

Description

abundance_byyr() first picks the main stem of each tree (see ?fgeo.tool::pick_main_stem()). Then, for each species and each round-mean-year of measurement, it counts the number of trees. The result includes main stems within a given dbh range.
basal_area_byyr() first sums the basal basal area of all stems of each tree. Then, for each species and each round-mean-year of measurement, it sums the basal area of all trees. The result includes all stems within a given dbh range (notice the difference with abundance_byyr()).

Usage

abundance_byyr(vft, ...)

basal_area_byyr(vft, ...)

Arguments

vft

A ForestGEO-like dataframe; particularly a ViewFullTable. As such, it should contain columns PlotName, CensusID, TreeID, StemID, Status, DBH, Genus, SpeciesName, ExactDate, PlotCensusNumber, Family, Tag, and HOM. ExactDate should contain dates from 1980-01-01 to the present day in the format yyyy-mm-dd.

...

Expressions to pick main stems of a specific dbh range (e.g. DBH >= 10 or ⁠DBH >= 10, DBH < 20⁠, or DBH >= 10 & DBH < 20).

Details

You don't need to pick stems by status before feeding data to these functions. Doing so may make your code more readable but it should not affect the result. This is because the expressions passed to ... pick data by dbh and exclude the missing dbh values associated to non-alive stems, including dead, missing, and gone stems.

Value

A dataframe.

Examples

library(fgeo.tool)

# Example data
vft <- tibble(
  PlotName = c("luq", "luq", "luq", "luq", "luq", "luq", "luq", "luq"),
  CensusID = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L),
  TreeID = c(1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L),
  StemID = c(1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2),
  Status = c(
    "alive", "dead", "alive", "alive", "alive", "gone",
    "dead", "dead"
  ),
  DBH = c(10L, NA, 20L, 30L, 20L, NA, NA, NA),
  Genus = c("Gn", "Gn", "Gn", "Gn", "Gn", "Gn", "Gn", "Gn"),
  SpeciesName = c("spp", "spp", "spp", "spp", "spp", "spp", "spp", "spp"),
  ExactDate = c(
    "2001-01-01", "2001-01-01", "2001-01-01", "2001-01-01",
    "2002-01-01", "2002-01-01", "2002-01-01",
    "2002-01-01"
  ),
  PlotCensusNumber = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L),
  Family = c("f", "f", "f", "f", "f", "f", "f", "f"),
  Tag = c(1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L),
  HOM = c(130L, 130L, 130L, 130L, 130L, 130L, 130L, 130L)
)

vft

abundance_byyr(vft, DBH >= 10, DBH < 20)

abundance_byyr(vft, DBH >= 10)

basal <- basal_area_byyr(vft, DBH >= 10)
basal

# Skip R CMD check for speed

measurements_is_installed <- requireNamespace("measurements", quietly = TRUE)
if (measurements_is_installed) {
  # Convert units
  years <- c("yr_2001", "yr_2002")
  basal_he <- basal %>%
    purrr::modify_at(
      years,
      ~ measurements::conv_unit(.x, from = "mm2", to = "hectare")
    )
  basal_he

  # Standardize
  number_of_hectares <- 50
  basal_he %>%
    purrr::map_at(years, ~ .x / number_of_hectares)
}

Create habitat data from measures of topography.

Description

This function constructs habitat data based on elevation data. It calculates habitats in two steps:

It calculates mean elevation, convexity and slope for each quadrat.
It calculates habitats based on hierarchical clustering of the topographic metrics from step 1.

Usage

fgeo_habitat(elev, gridsize, n, ...)

Arguments

elev

One of these:

A dataframe containing elevation data, with columns gx, gy, and elev, or x, y, and elev (e.g. fgeo.x::elevation$col).
A ForestGEO-like elevation list with elements xdim and ydim giving plot dimensions, and element col containing a dataframe as described in the previous item (e.g. fgeo.x::elevation).

gridsize

Number giving the size of each quadrat for which a habitat is calculated. Commonly, gridsize = 20.

n

Integer. Number of cluster-groups to construct (passed to the argument k to stats::cutree()).

...

Arguments passed to fgeo_topography().

Value

A dataframe of subclass fgeo_habitat, with columns gx and gy, rounded with accuracy determined by gridsize, and column habitats, with as many distinct integer values as determined by the argument n.

Author(s)

Richard Condit.

Examples

assert_is_installed("fgeo.x")

# Input a ForestGEO-like elevation list or dataframe
elevation_ls <- fgeo.x::elevation
habitats <- fgeo_habitat(
  elevation_ls,
  gridsize = 20, n = 4
)

str(habitats)

# Habitat data is useful for calculating species-habitat associations
census <- fgeo.x::tree6_3species
as_tibble(
  tt_test(census, habitats)
)

Create topography data: convexity, slope, and mean elevation.

Description

Create topography data: convexity, slope, and mean elevation.

Usage

fgeo_topography(elev, ...)

## S3 method for class 'data.frame'
fgeo_topography(
  elev,
  gridsize,
  xdim = NULL,
  ydim = NULL,
  edgecorrect = TRUE,
  ...
)

## S3 method for class 'list'
fgeo_topography(elev, gridsize, edgecorrect = TRUE, ...)

Arguments

elev

One of these:

A dataframe containing elevation data, with columns gx, gy, and elev, or x, y, and elev (e.g. fgeo.x::elevation$col).
A ForestGEO-like elevation list with elements xdim and ydim giving plot dimensions, and element col containing a dataframe as described in the previous item (e.g. fgeo.x::elevation).

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

gridsize

Number giving the size of each quadrat for which a habitat is calculated. Commonly, gridsize = 20.

xdim, ydim

(Required if elev is a dataframe) x and y dimensions of the plot.

edgecorrect

Correct convexity in edge quadrats?

Value

A dataframe of subclass fgeo_topography.

Acknowledgment

Thanks to Jian Zhang for reporting a bug (issue 59).

Author(s)

This function wraps code by Richard Condit.

Examples

assert_is_installed("fgeo.x")

elev_list <- fgeo.x::elevation
fgeo_topography(elev_list, gridsize = 20)

elev_df <- elev_list$col
fgeo_topography(elev_df, gridsize = 20, xdim = 320, ydim = 500)

Recruitment, mortality, and growth.

Description

These functions are adapted from the CTFS-R package. Compared to the original functions, these ones have a similar interface but use more conservative defaults and allow suppressing messages. These functions also feature formal tests, bug fixes, additional assertions, and improved messages.

Usage

recruitment_ctfs(
  census1,
  census2,
  mindbh = NULL,
  alivecode = NULL,
  split1 = NULL,
  split2 = NULL,
  quiet = FALSE
)

mortality_ctfs(
  census1,
  census2,
  alivecode = NULL,
  split1 = NULL,
  split2 = NULL,
  quiet = FALSE
)

growth_ctfs(
  census1,
  census2,
  rounddown = FALSE,
  method = "I",
  stdev = FALSE,
  dbhunit = "mm",
  mindbh = NULL,
  growthcol = "dbh",
  err.limit = 1000,
  maxgrow = 1000,
  split1 = NULL,
  split2 = NULL,
  quiet = FALSE
)

Arguments

census1, census2

Two census tables, each being a ForestGEO-like tree table (dataframe). A stem table won't fail, but you should use a tree table because demography analyses make more sense at the scale of trees than at the scale of stems.

mindbh

The minimum diameter above which the counts are done. Trees smaller than mindbh are excluded. By default all living trees of any size are included.

alivecode

Character; valid values of status indicating that a tree is alive. The default, 'A', is the standard CTFS designation for living trees or stems.

split1, split2

Optional vector(s) to aggregate results by. Each vector should be a column of either census1 or census2. The default aggregates the result across the entire census datasets.

quiet

Use TRUE to suppress messages.

rounddown

If TRUE, all dbh < 55 are rounded down to the nearest multiple of 5.

method

Either "I" or "E":

Use "I" to calculate annual dbh increment as (dbh2 - dbh1)/time
Use "E" to calculate the relative growth rate as (log(dbh2) - log(dbh1)) / time

stdev

Logical:

FALSE returns confidence limits.
TRUE returns the SD in growth rate per group.

dbhunit

"cm" or "mm".

growthcol

Either "dbh" or "agb" to define how growth is measured.

err.limit, maxgrow

A number. Numbers such as 10000 are high and will return all measures.

Details

Survivors are all individuals alive in both censuses, with status == A in the first census, and a diameter greater than mindbh in the first census. The total population in the second census includes all those alive plus any other survivors. Individuals whose status is NA in either census are deleted from all calculations.

Value

Metrics of recruitment: Similar to metrics of mortality.

Metrics of mortality:

N: the number of individuals alive in the census 1 per category selected.
D: the number of individuals no longer alive in census 2.
rate: the mean annualized mortality rate constant per category selected, calculated as (log(N)-log(S))/time.
upper: upper confidence limit of mean rate.
lower: lower confidence limit of mean rate.
time: mean time interval in years.
date1: mean date included individuals were measured in census 1, as julian object (R displays as date, but treats as integer).
date2: mean date in census 2.
dbhmean: mean dbh in census 1 of individuals included.

Metrics of growth:

rate, the mean annualized growth rate per category selected, either dbh increment, or relative growth.
N, the number of individuals included in the mean (not counting any excluded).
clim (or sd with stdev = TRUE), width of confidence interval; add this number to the mean rate to get upper confidence limit, substract to get lower.
dbhmean, mean dbh in census 1 of individuals included.
time, mean time interval in years.
date1, mean date included individuals were measured in census 1, as julian object (R displays as date, but treats as integer).
date2, mean date in census 2.

Author(s)

Richard Condit, Suzanne Lao.

Examples

assert_is_installed("fgeo.x")

census1 <- fgeo.x::tree5
census2 <- fgeo.x::tree6

as_tibble(
  recruitment_ctfs(census1, census2)
)

# Use `interaction(...)` to aggregate by any number of grouping variables
sp_quadrat <- interaction(census1$sp, census1$quadrat)

recruitment <- recruitment_ctfs(
  census1, census2,
  split1 = sp_quadrat,
  quiet = TRUE
)
as_tibble(recruitment)

mortality <- mortality_ctfs(
  census1, census2,
  split1 = sp_quadrat, quiet = TRUE
)
as_tibble(mortality)

growth <- growth_ctfs(census1, census2, split1 = sp_quadrat, quiet = TRUE)
as_tibble(growth)

# Easy way to separate grouping variables
tidyr_is_installed <- requireNamespace("tidyr", quietly = TRUE)
if (tidyr_is_installed) {
  library(tidyr)

  as_tibble(growth) %>%
    separate(groups, into = c("sp", "quadrat"))
}

Coerce objects different fgeo classes "data.frame" or "tbl" (tibble).

Description

These objects are imported from other packages. Follow the links below to see their documentation.

fgeo.tool: assert_is_installed
tibble: as_tibble

Arguments

x

An object of class tt_lst.

...

Arguments passed on to base::as.data.frame() (not used in tibble::as_tibble()).

Value

A base::data.frame() or tibble::tibble().

Summary of `tt_test()` results.

Description

Summary of tt_test() results.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'tt_df'
summary(object, ...)

## S3 method for class 'tt_lst'
summary(object, ...)

Arguments

object

An object of class "tt_df" or "tt_lst".

...

Not used (included only for compatibility with summary).

Value

A tibble.

Author(s)

Adapted from code contributed by Daniel Zuleta.

Examples

assert_is_installed("fgeo.x")

tt_result <- tt_test(fgeo.x::tree6_3species, fgeo.x::habitat)

summary(tt_result)

# Same
summary(as_tibble(tt_result))

# You may want to add the explanation to the result of `tt_test()`

dplyr::left_join(as_tibble(tt_result), summary(tt_result))

# You may prefer a wide matrix
Reduce(rbind, tt_result)

# You may prefer a wide dataframe
tidyr::spread(summary(tt_result), "habitat", "association")

Torus Translation Test to determine habitat associations of tree species.

Description

Determine habitat-species associations with code developed by Sabrina Russo, Daniel Zuleta, Matteo Detto, and Kyle Harms.

Usage

tt_test(tree, habitat, sp = NULL, plotdim = NULL, gridsize = NULL)

Arguments

tree

A dataframe; a ForestGEO tree table (see details).

habitat

Object giving the habitat designation for each plot partition defined by gridsize. See fgeo_habitat().

sp

Character sting giving any number of species-names.

plotdim, gridsize

Plot dimensions and gridsize. If NULL (default) they will be guessed, and a message will inform you of the chosen values. If the guess is wrong, you should provide the correct values manually (and check that your habitat data is correct).

Details

This test only makes sense at the population level. We are interested in knowing whether or not individuals of a species are aggregated on a habitat. Multiple stems of an individual do not represent population level processes but individual level processes. Thus, you should use data of individual trees – i.e. use a tree table, and not a stem table with potentially multiple stems per tree.

You should only try to determine the habitat association for sufficiently abundant species. In a 50-ha plot, a minimum abundance of 50 trees/species has been used.

Value

A list of matrices.

Acknowledgments

Nestor Engone Obiang, David Kenfack, Jennifer Baltzer, and Rutuja Chitra-Tarak provided feedback. Daniel Zuleta provided guidance.

Interpretation of Output

N.Hab.1: Count of stems of the focal species in habitat 1.
Gr.Hab.1: Count of instances the observed relative density of the focal species on habitat 1 was greater than the relative density based on the TT habitat map.
Ls.Hab.1: Count of instances the observed relative density of the focal species on habitat 1 was less than the relative density based on the TT habitat map.
Eq.Hab.1: Count of instances the observed relative density of the focal species on habitat 1 was equal to the relative density based on the TT habitat map. The sum of the Gr.Hab.x, Ls.Hab.x, and Eq.Hab.x columns for one habitat equals the number of 20 x20 quads in the plot. The Rep.Agg.Neut columns for each habitat indicate whether the species is significantly repelled (-1), aggregated (1), or neutrally distributed (0) on the habitat in question.

The probabilities associated with the test for whether these patterns are statistically significant are in the Obs.Quantile columns for each habitat. Note that to calculate the probability for repelled, it is the value given, but to calculate the probability for aggregated, it is one minus the value given.

Values of the Obs.Quantile < 0.025 means that the species is repelled from that habitat, while values of the Obs.Quantile > 0.975 means that the species is aggregated on that habitat.

References

Zuleta, D., Russo, S.E., Barona, A. et al. Plant Soil (2018). doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3878-0.

Author(s)

Sabrina Russo, Daniel Zuleta, Matteo Detto, and Kyle Harms.

Examples

library(fgeo.tool)
assert_is_installed("fgeo.x")

# Example data
tree <- fgeo.x::tree6_3species
elevation <- fgeo.x::elevation

# Pick alive trees, of 10 mm or more
census <- filter(tree, status == "A", dbh >= 10)

# Pick sufficiently abundant species
pick <- filter(dplyr::add_count(census, sp), n > 50)

# Use your habitat data or create it from elevation data
habitat <- fgeo_habitat(elevation, gridsize = 20, n = 4)

# Defaults to using all species
as_tibble(
  tt_test(census, habitat)
)

Reduce(rbind, tt_test(census, habitat))

some_species <- c("CASARB", "PREMON")
result <- tt_test(census, habitat, sp = some_species)
summary(result)

fgeo.analyze: Analyze ForestGEO Data

Description

Author(s)

See Also

Pipe operator

Description

Usage

Abundance and basal area, optionally by groups.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

See Also

Examples

Create tables of abundance and basal area by year.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

See Also

Examples

Create habitat data from measures of topography.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Author(s)

See Also

Examples

Create topography data: convexity, slope, and mean elevation.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Acknowledgment

Author(s)

See Also

Examples

Recruitment, mortality, and growth.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Author(s)

Examples

Coerce objects different fgeo classes "data.frame" or "tbl" (tibble).

Description

Arguments

Value

See Also

Summary of tt_test() results.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Author(s)

See Also

Examples

Torus Translation Test to determine habitat associations of tree species.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Acknowledgments

Interpretation of Output

References

Author(s)

See Also

Examples

Summary of `tt_test()` results.