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This is a hotfix release to fix a bug in import().
AppUsage, Device, and Location that may have prevented files from being imported.mpathsenser now supports the new data format as of m-Path Sense 4.2.6. This comes with a large number of changes. Most importantly, this means that import() had to be updated to handle the new data format. Both the old and new data format are now supported by this package. With the new data format there are some changes to the database.
First, some fields have been removed:
x, y, and z fields from Accelerometer have been removed from import() and all subsequent functions. These fields were only used when m-Path Sense still collected continuous data, and for some time now only summary data is collected. No continuous data has ever been collected outside of pilot testing, and hence these fields have been removed.x_mean, y_mean, z_mean, x_mean_sq, y_mean_sq, z_mean_sq, and n fields from Gyroscope have been removed as m-Path Sense will currently collect continuous data. These fields were implemented in anticipation of this change but instead, for now, gyroscopic information has been removed from the app altogether. Thus, these fields are removed from simplicity and clarity.timezone field has been removed from all sensor tables. This field was once added in m-Path Sense but this never made it to the final version. It has been removed from the database and all subsequent functions.Second, some fields have been added:
Accelerometer has gained many new data fields:
end_time is the time at which the sample of the data ended, where time denotes the start time.n, the number of samples, was already present but has been moved in the ordering of the fields.x_mean, y_mean, and z_mean are the mean values of the accelerometer data. These were already present in the data and remain unchanged.x_median, y_median, and z_median are the median values of the accelerometer data.x_std, y_std, and z_std are the standard deviations of the accelerometer data.x_aad, y_aad, and z_aad are the average absolute deviations of the accelerometer data.x_min, y_min, and z_min are the minimum values of the accelerometer data.x_max, y_max, and z_max are the maximum values of the accelerometer data.x_max_min_diff, y_max_min_diff, and z_max_min_diff are the differences between the maximum and minimum values of the accelerometer data.x_mad, y_mad, and z_mad are the median absolute deviations of the accelerometer data.x_iqr, y_iqr, and z_iqr are the interquartile ranges of the accelerometer data.x_neg_n, y_neg_n, and z_neg_n are the number of negative values of the accelerometer data.x_pos_n, y_pos_n, and z_pos_n are the number of positive values of the accelerometer data.x_above_mean, y_above_mean, and z_above_mean are the number of values above the mean of the accelerometer data.x_energy, y_energy, and z_energy are similar to x_mean_sq, y_mean_sq, and z_mean_sq, being the average sum of squares.avg_res_acc is the average resultant acceleration, being average of the square roots of the values in each of the three axis squared and added together.sma is the signal magnitude area, being the sum of absolute values of the three axis averaged over a window.AppUsage table has gained 2 new fields:
end_time is the time at which the sample of the data ended, where time denotes the start time. Note that this timestamp may vary slightly from the end field in the data.package_name is the full application package name.last_foreground is the time at which the application was last in the foreground. If the app had not yet been in the foreground, this is NA.Bluetooth table has gained 2 new fields:
start_scan is the time at which the scan started.end_scan is the time at which the scan ended.Device table has gained 2 new fields:
operating_system_version is the version of the operating system.sdk is the version of the Android SDK or the iOS kernel.Heartbeat has been added to the data. This table has the following fields:
measurement_id, participant_id, date, and time like every other sensor.period denotes the time period over which the a heartbeat should be registered, in minutes.device_type denotes the type of device of this heartbeat.device_role_name is the role name of the device in the protocol.Light table has gained 1 new field:
end_time is the time at which the sample of the data ended, where time denotes the start time.Location has gained 3 new fields:
vertical_accuracy is the estimated vertical accuracy of this location, in meters.heading_accuracy is the estimated bearing accuracy of this location, in degrees. Only available on Android.is_mock is a boolean indicating whether this location was mocked or not. Always FALSE on iOS. Moreover, because SQLite does not support booleans, this is stored as an integer.Noise table has gained 1 new field:
end_time is the time at which the sample of the data ended, where time denotes the start time.Timezone has been added a separate sensor. This table has the following fields:
measurement_id, participant_id, date, and time like every other sensor.timezone is the time zone of the device at the time of the measurement.Data collected with previous version of m-Path Sense (henceforth referred to as legacy data) can still be read by import() and subsequent functions, but all new fields will have missing values.
mpathsenser::sensors now holds 27 sensors, being updated with Heartbeat and Timezonecoverage(relative = FALSE) now show correct colours. The colours are now based on the relative values within each sensor, such that the highest sample is fully red and zero being fully blue.vacuum_db() is a newly exported function within this package. Once called upon a database, it shrinks the database to its minimal size by cleaning up remnants from import().maggrittr package has been dropped as a dependency, favouring R’s native pipe |> over the maggrittr pipe %>%.format argument to geocode_rev() to allow for different output formats from Nominatim’s API.geocode_rev() and app_category() now return NA if the client or API is offline, as per CRAN guidelines.fix_jsons() where files with illegal ASCII characters could be not fixed because the file was still locked from reading.fix_jsons() where JSON files could incorrectly end with }}, followed by a closing bracket ] on a new line. This trailing comma is now removed by fix_jsons().recursive = TRUE in unzip_data() and to = NULL, the output path of the JSON files will be the local directories through which the recursive path is traversed rather than the main directory.This is a release with breaking changes due to removal of deprecated arguments. Please review carefully before updating.
This release also supports changes from the new release of m-Path Sense (01/02/2023). Most notably, the accelerometer and gyroscope are no longer samples of a continuous stream, but rather summaries of these streams. Old versions are still supported by all functions.
x_mean: The average acceleration or gyroscopic value along the x axis within a sample;y_mean: The average acceleration or gyroscopic value along the y axis within a sample;z_mean: The average acceleration or gyroscopic value along the z axis within a sample;x_mean_sq: The mean of the squared x values within the sample;y_mean_sq: The mean of the squared y values within the sample;z_mean_sq: The mean of the squared z values within the sample; From these values, one could calculate the L1 norm and L2 norm like before.timezone to all sensor data. Confusingly, this is not the timezone of the data itself (as this is always in UTC), but rather the timezone the participant was in at the time of the measurement.parallel argument in fix_jsons(), test_jsons(), unzip_data(), and import().overwrite_db and dbname arguments from import().path and db_name arguments from copy_db().link() no longer adds an extra row before (if add_before = TRUE) or after (if add_after = TRUE) if the first or last measurement equals the start or end time respectively.link_db() lifecycle status to deprecated as link_db() depends on link(). Eventually, link() might see changes in its functionality that will cause link_db() to break, so it is better to deprecate it already to motivate users to stop using this function.bin_data() incorrectly handled days occurring after DST change.link() gained 3 new arguments:
time: The name of the column containing the timestamps in x.end_time: Optionally, the name of the column containing the end time in x.y_time: The name of the column containing the timestamps in y.name: The name of the nested y data, defaulting to "data".end_time, it is now possible to specify custom time intervals instead of only fixed intervals through offset_before or offset_after. Note that these two functionality cannot be specified at the same time.time and y_time in link() must now be explicitly named, though for the time being default to ‘time’ with a warning.continue argument to add_gaps() that controls whether the last measurement(s) should be continued after a gap.link_db() is now soft deprecated as it provides only marginal added functionality compared to link().decrypt_gps() now takes a vector of encrypted GPS coordinates instead of a whole data frame with fixed variables names (latitude and longitude). This allows more flexibility in its use. Also, parallelisation has been added similar to other functions in this package (i.e. by setting a future plan, e.g.future::plan("multisession")).The following functions are now made defunctional and internal:
activity_duration()app_usage()n_screen_on()n_screen_unlocks()screen_duration(),step_count()These functions delivered incorrect output and only allowed summaries by a fixed time frame, e.g. by hour or day. These functions will be reimplemented (some with a different name) in mpathsenser 2.0.0.
add_before or add_after is TRUE in link(), no extra row is added if there already is a row with a timestamp exactly equal to the start of the interval (for add_before = TRUE) or to the end of the interval (add_after = TRUE).moving_average() now allows a lazy tibble to allow further computations in-database after having called moving_average().identify_gaps() is now slightly more efficient.get_data() is now case insensitive. In a future update, all sensor names throughout all functions will be made case insensitive.add_before = TRUE, link() no longer adds an extra measurement if the first measurement in the interval equals the start time of the interval exactly.get_data() now allows multiple participant_ids to be used.external_time has been added as an argument to link_db(), to be able to specify the time column in external_data in accordance with the change in link() above.link() now correctly handles natural joins (when by = NULL) and cross joins (when by = character()).original_time was not added for any other nested data row except the first one, if add_before or add_after was true.link() no longer suffers from future’s max object restriction (500MB by default).x and y use different time zones in link() and add_before = TRUE, link() now correctly leaves all time zones equal to the input.link() incorrectly assigned the time zone of x to the nested data of y, if add_before or add_after was true. This is now changed to the time zone of y, to ensure consistency. Note that if the time zones of x and y are different, matching will be correct but the nested data may seem off as it will keep y’s input time zone.identify_gaps() now allows multiple sensors to be used. This is particularly useful when there are no sensors with high frequency sampling (like accelerometer and gyroscope) or to ensure there can be no measurements within the gaps from any sensor.copy_db() from_db and to_db to source_db and target_db respectively.activity_duration(), screen_duration(), n_screen_on(), n_screen_unlocks(), and step_count() to internal until it is clear how these functions should behave and, more importantly, what their output should be.moving_average() to work correctly on multiple participants.create_db() and the other functions, where the latter implicitly depended on the former. The following arguments are thereby rendered disabled:
dbname and overwrite_db arguments in import()path and db_name in copy_db()parallel argument in several functions. If you wish to process in parallel, you must now specify this beforehand using a future plan, e.g. future::plan("multisession"). As a consequence, the package future is no longer a dependency (but furrr is).plot argument in coverage(). To plot a coverage chart, you can now use the default plot() function with the output from coverage().rlang::abort, rlang::warn, and rlang::inform.import() to be more manageable in code. As a consequence, the dependency on rjson and dbx can be dropped in favour of jsonlite and native SQL.lifecycle as a dependency for deprecating arguments.identify_gaps() and friends to inform the user of a possible inconsistency when identifying gaps.identify_gaps() from using the lag of each measurements towards using the lead. This makes no difference in the output but is a little easier to read.link() or link_gaps() in a session, stating that using external vectors dplyr::select() is ambiguous.bin_data() now correctly includes measurements in bins that do not have a stop time. This was in particular a problem with the last measurement of a series.bin_data().add_gaps() where multiple gaps in succession (i.e. without other data in between) were incorrectly handled.app_category() not being able to find the exact app name in the search results, thereby defaulting to the nth result (default 1).link_gaps(): For linking gap data to other data, i.e. how many gaps occur within an interval.add_gaps(): To interleave gaps with other data.bin_data(): To subdivide data into bins, e.g. all measurements within an hour or day.link() has been revised and expanded:
offset with offset_before and offset_after, allowing both to be specified at the same time (#3).add_before and add_after argument to allow the last row before the measurement and first row after the measurement respectively to be added to the data.split argument, allowing computation to be split among many parts thereby lowering computational burden.app_category() is now case insensitive and gained the new argument exact to be able to match the package name exactly based on a partial match.get_activity() to activity_duration().link2() to link_db().link() runs out of memory when there are too many matches (#2). link() is now much more memory efficient and slightly faster.get_data() which allowed multiple sensors to be requested from one function call, sometimes leading to crashes (#4).link() where column original_time is missing if no records before or after the interval are found (#6).import() where sensor data not present in first file of the batch are dropped for the other files well.app_category() to work with the updated Google Play website.These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.