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Multiploid populations are now supported. This includes natural
populations with variable ploidy, as well as better support for mapping
populations such as triploid populations derived from diploid x
tetraploid crosses. Internally, slots containing genotype prior
probabilities, likelihoods, and posterior probabilities are now
formatted as two-dimensional lists, with possible inheritance modes
across loci in the first dimension and varying ploidy across taxa in the
second dimension, whereas previously these were one-dimensional lists
reflecting inheritance modes across loci only. The
priorProbPloidies slot has been removed as it is no longer
needed.
The ExamineGenotype function has been
added.
The AddPriorTimesLikelihood function has been
removed.
A warning is now returned if the user attempts to simulate
self-fertilization in odd-ploidy individuals (i.e. using the
selfing.rate argument in IterateHWE and related functions).
The selfing rate is set to zero in these individuals to prevent an
error.
IteratePopStruct and IteratePopStructLD
now have an argument called maxR2changeratio to allow more
fine-tuning of the number of principal components used.
The readDArTag function has been updated to support
a newer format from Excellence in Breeding, as well as their original
format.
MergeIdenticalHaplotypes now takes IUPAC ambiguity
codes into account. It is now used internally by
VCF2RADdata, readStacks,
readTASSELGBSv2, and readProcessIsoloci. Some
additional loci will now be filtered out by these functions.
GetProbableGenotypes with
multiallelic = "correct", and by extension
RADdata2VCF, now run much faster by searching a much
narrower range of possible multiallelic genotypes.
Optimizations to improve speed of data import.
Bug fix in MergeRareHaplotypes when some alleles
have zero reads.
TestOverdispersion now prints a helpful suggestion
for which overdispersion parameter to use, as well as returning that
value in its output. The use of qqman has been eliminated
from the vignettes.
ExpectedHindHe, ExpectedHindHeMapping,
and SimAlleleDepth now have a contamRate
parameter to simulate sample cross contamination when sampling allelic
read depth, and an errorRate parameter to simulate
sequencing error.
A bug has been fixed in Export_GWASpoly so that
special characters in sample names are not converted to
periods.
SimGenotypesMapping,
ExpectedHindHeMapping, Export_polymapR_probs,
reverseComplement, and readDArTag functions
added.
Bug fixed in GetProbableGenotypes when there are
multiple possiblePloidies and multiallelic is
set to "na" or "correct".
Bug fixed in process_sam_multi.py for cases where
sample names contain spaces.
Bug fixed in HindHeMapping when loci are discarded
due to difficulty estimating parental genotypes.
Vignettes have been updated with a figure to assist in estimating inbreeding.
Export_GWASpoly can now export posterior mean
genotypes.
Export_adegenet_genind function added.
Added the ExpectedHindHe, SimGenotypes,
and SimAlleleDepth functions. The first in particular is
intended to help the user to select a Hind/He threshold for filtering
markers.
Added the Export_Structure function.
In the variant calling pipeline, process_isoloci.py
has been modified so that the user can set an expected and maximum
Hind/He. The previous functionality, where these thresholds were
calculated automatically from inbreeding, remains available.
Fixed a bug in VCF2RADdata that would occur if
expectedAlleles or expectedLoci were set too
low. VCF2RADdata now also sets the
"Variable_sites_only" attribute to be FALSE if
phaseSNPs = FALSE.
Fixed a bug in SubsetByLocus,
MergeRareHaplotypes, and
MergeIdenticalHaplotypes that would delete the
"Variable_sites_only" attribute, preventing VCF
export.
The functions HindHe and HindHeMapping
have been added, to assist with filtering loci that are behaving in a
non-Mendelian fashion, as well as individuals that do not behave like
the expected ploidy. The function InbreedingFromHIndHe has
been added to facilitate estimating the inbreeding statistic F from the
results of HindHe.
The Python scripts process_sam_multi.py and
process_isoloci.py have been added, to serve as a pipeline
for variant calling in highly duplicated genomes. These are described in
a new vignette, “Variant and Genotype Calling in Highly Duplicated
Genomes” (isolocus_sorting.Rmd). The functions
readProcessSamMulti and readProcessIsoloci
have been added for import of data from the Python scripts into
polyRAD.
The function RADdata2VCF has been added for export
to VCF.
A Python script has been added to help identify full tag
sequences for alleles imported from TASSEL-GBSv2 using
VCF2RADdata.
The GetProbableGenotypes function has been updated
to optionally recognize genotypes where copy number does not sum to the
ploidy across all alleles for a locus. It can now either set these
genotypes to NA or correct them to sum to the ploidy. Some internal
Rcpp functions were added for this purpose.
A bug has been fixed in SubsetByPloidy.
MergeTaxaDepth now generates a more useful error if
taxa are specified that do not exist in the object.
If duplicate locus names are passed to
SubsetByLocus, it now generates a warning and deals with
the duplicated loci more appropriately.
The AddDepthSamplingPermutations function has been
added. Permutations for estimating genotype likelihoods are no longer
calculated at the time of data import, but instead are calculated the
first time that genotype likelihoods are calculated. This is to avoid
unnessasary calculation and recalculation when alleles and taxa are
filtered or merged before running genotype calling. From the user
perspective, there isn’t any change except faster import.
The EstimateParentalGenotypes function has been
added, using code that was previously in the
AddGenotypePriorProb_Mapping2Parents. This does not impact
anything from the user’s perspective, but makes the code slightly less
unwieldy and allows parental genotype estimations to be used for other
purposes.
The MergeIdenticalHaplotypes function has been
added.
Internal functions for simulating gametes and calculating their frequencies have been corrected so that they still work when only one allele is being simulated.
A plot method has been added for RADdata
objects.
The MergeTaxaDepth,
RemoveUngenotypedLoci, and SubsetByPloidy
utility functions have been added.
The Export_MAPpoly and Export_GWASpoly
functions have been added.
Bug fixes have been made in TestOverdispersion,
VCF2RADdata, SubsetByLocus, and
SubsetByTaxon.
Some code in AddAlleleFreqByTaxa has been translated
to Rcpp to speed computation time for
IteratePopStruct and
IteratePopStructLD.
Genotype likelihoods are now estimated under a beta-binomial
distribution rather than the binomial distribution. This change was made
so that real sequencing data would be accurately modeled; even in
diploid heterozygotes, read depth of two alleles is often very different
from a 1:1 ratio, due to many underlying issues with sequencing data
that would be difficult to model. Under the beta-binomial with respect
to the binomial, there is an increased probability of read depth ratios
that differ from the true allele copy ratio. In a practical sense, this
means reduced certainty in the estimation of allele copy number from
read depth alone, and an increased importance of genotype prior
probabilities. The exact shape of the beta-binomial distribution is
determined by an overdispersion parameter, which the user can optimize
using the TestOverdispersion function.
When using linkage disequilibrium to update genotype priors, the square of Pearson’s correlation coefficient is now used for weighting markers, where Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used previously without being squared. This applies to both mapping populations and diversity panels, and results in improved genotyping accuracy.
The functions Export_polymapR,
readTASSELGBSv2, RemoveHighDepthLoci,
AddGenotypePriorProb_Even, and
TestOverdispersion have been added.
This version of polyRAD is incompatible with RADdata
objects generated by previous versions of polyRAD due to a change in
format of the depthSamplingPermutations slot. This slot was
changed to simplify the estimation of genotype likelihood.
These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.