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An R package providing access to the awesome mapshaper tool by Matthew Bloch, which has both a Node.js command-line tool as well as an interactive web tool.
I started this package so that I could use mapshaper’s Visvalingam simplification method in R. There is, as far as I know, no other R package that performs topologically-aware multi-polygon simplification. (This means that shared boundaries between adjacent polygons are always kept intact, with no gaps or overlaps, even at high levels of simplification).
But mapshaper does much more than simplification, so I am working on wrapping most of the core functionality of mapshaper into R functions.
So far, rmapshaper
provides the following functions:
ms_simplify
- simplify polygons or linesms_clip
- clip an area out of a layer using a polygon
layer or a bounding box. Works on polygons, lines, and pointsms_erase
- erase an area from a layer using a polygon
layer or a bounding box. Works on polygons, lines, and pointsms_dissolve
- aggregate polygon features, optionally
specifying a field to aggregate on. If no field is specified, will merge
all polygons into one.ms_explode
- convert multipart shapes to single part.
Works with polygons, lines, and points in geojson format, but currently
only with polygons and lines in the Spatial
classes (not
SpatialMultiPoints
and
SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame
).ms_lines
- convert polygons to topological boundaries
(lines)ms_innerlines
- convert polygons to shared inner
boundaries (lines)ms_points
- create points from a polygon layerms_filter_fields
- Remove fields from the
attributesms_filter_islands
- Remove small detached polygonsIf you run into any bugs or have any feature requests, please file an issue
rmapshaper
is on CRAN. Install the current version
with:
install.packages("rmapshaper")
You can install the development version from github with
remotes
:
## install.packages("remotes")
library(remotes)
install_github("ateucher/rmapshaper")
rmapshaper works with sf
objects as well as geojson
strings (character objects of class geo_json
). It also
works with Spatial
classes from the sp
package, though this will likely be retired in the future; users are
encouraged to use the more modern sf
package.
We will use the nc.gpkg
file (North Carolina county
boundaries) from the sf
package and read it in as an
sf
object:
library(rmapshaper)
library(sf)
#> Linking to GEOS 3.11.0, GDAL 3.5.3, PROJ 9.1.0; sf_use_s2() is TRUE
<- system.file("gpkg/nc.gpkg", package = "sf")
file <- read_sf(file) nc_sf
Plot the original:
plot(nc_sf["FIPS"])
Now simplify using default parameters, then plot the simplified North Carolina counties:
<- ms_simplify(nc_sf)
nc_simp plot(nc_simp["FIPS"])
You can see that even at very high levels of simplification, the
mapshaper simplification algorithm preserves the topology, including
shared boundaries. The keep
parameter specifies what
proportion of vertices to keep:
<- ms_simplify(nc_sf, keep = 0.001)
nc_very_simp plot(nc_very_simp["FIPS"])
Compare this to the output using sf::st_simplify
, where
overlaps and gaps are evident:
<- st_simplify(nc_sf, preserveTopology = TRUE, dTolerance = 10000) # dTolerance specified in meters
nc_stsimp plot(nc_stsimp["FIPS"])
This time we’ll demonstrate the ms_innerlines
function:
<- ms_innerlines(nc_sf)
nc_sf_innerlines plot(nc_sf_innerlines)
All of the functions are quite fast with geojson
character objects. They are slower with the sf
and
Spatial
classes due to internal conversion to/from json. If
you are going to do multiple operations on large sf
objects, it’s recommended to first convert to json using
geojsonsf::sf_geojson()
, or
geojsonio::geojson_json()
. All of the functions have the
input object as the first argument, and return the same class of object
as the input. As such, they can be chained together. For a totally
contrived example, using nc_sf
as created above:
library(geojsonsf)
library(rmapshaper)
library(sf)
## First convert 'states' dataframe from geojsonsf pkg to json
%>%
nc_sf sf_geojson() |>
ms_erase(bbox = c(-80, 35, -79, 35.5)) |> # Cut a big hole in the middle
ms_dissolve() |> # Dissolve county borders
ms_simplify(keep_shapes = TRUE, explode = TRUE) |> # Simplify polygon
geojson_sf() |> # Convert to sf object
plot(col = "blue") # plot
Sometimes if you are dealing with a very large spatial object in R,
rmapshaper
functions will take a very long time or not work
at all. As of version 0.4.0
, you can make use of the system
mapshaper
library if you have it installed. This will allow
you to work with very large spatial objects.
First make sure you have mapshaper installed:
check_sys_mapshaper()
#> mapshaper version 0.6.25 is installed and on your PATH
#> mapshaper-xl
#> "/opt/homebrew/bin/mapshaper-xl"
If you get an error, you will need to install mapshaper. First install node (https://nodejs.org/en) and then install mapshaper in a command prompt with:
$ npm install -g mapshaper
Then you can use the sys
argument in any rmapshaper
function:
<- ms_simplify(nc_sf)
nc_simp_internal <- ms_simplify(nc_sf, sys = TRUE, sys_mem=8) #sys_mem specifies the amount of memory to use in Gb. It defaults to 8 if omitted.
nc_simp_sys
par(mfrow = c(1,2))
plot(st_geometry(nc_simp_internal), main = "internal")
plot(st_geometry(nc_simp_sys), main = "system")
This package uses the V8 package to provide
an environment in which to run mapshaper’s javascript code in R. It
relies heavily on all of the great spatial packages that already exist
(especially sf
), and the geojsonio
and the
geojsonsf
packages for converting between
geojson
, sf
and Spatial
object.
Thanks to timelyportfolio for helping me wrangle the javascript to the point where it works in V8. He also wrote the mapshaper htmlwidget, which provides access to the mapshaper web interface, right in your R session. We have plans to combine the two in the future.
Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms.
MIT
These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.