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When you write functions that operate on S3 or unclassed objects you can either trust that your inputs will be structured as expected, or tediously check that they are.
vetr
takes the tedium out of structure verification so
that you can trust, but verify. It lets you express structural
requirements declaratively with templates, and it auto-generates
human-friendly error messages as needed.
vetr
is written in C to minimize overhead from parameter
checks in your functions. It has no dependencies.
Declare a template that an object should conform to, and let
vetr
take care of the rest:
library(vetr)
tpl <- numeric(1L)
vet(tpl, 1:3)
## [1] "`length(1:3)` should be 1 (is 3)"
vet(tpl, "hello")
## [1] "`\"hello\"` should be type \"numeric\" (is \"character\")"
vet(tpl, 42)
## [1] TRUE
The template concept is based on vapply
, but generalizes
to all S3 objects and adds some special features to facilitate
comparison. For example, zero length templates match any length:
tpl <- integer()
vet(tpl, 1L:3L)
## [1] TRUE
vet(tpl, 1L)
## [1] TRUE
And for convenience short (<= 100 length) integer-like numerics are considered integer:
tpl <- integer(1L)
vet(tpl, 1) # this is a numeric, not an integer
## [1] TRUE
vet(tpl, 1.0001)
## [1] "`1.0001` should be type \"integer-like\" (is \"double\")"
vetr
can compare recursive objects such as lists, or
data.frames:
tpl.iris <- iris[0, ] # 0 row DF matches any number of rows in object
iris.fake <- iris
levels(iris.fake$Species)[3] <- "sibirica" # tweak levels
vet(tpl.iris, iris)
## [1] TRUE
vet(tpl.iris, iris.fake)
## [1] "`levels(iris.fake$Species)[3]` should be \"virginica\" (is \"sibirica\")"
From our declared template iris[0, ]
, vetr
infers all the required checks. In this case,
vet(iris[0, ], iris.fake, stop=TRUE)
is equivalent to:
stopifnot_iris <- function(x) {
stopifnot(
is.data.frame(x),
is.list(x),
length(x) == length(iris),
identical(lapply(x, class), lapply(iris, class)),
is.integer(attr(x, 'row.names')),
identical(names(x), names(iris)),
identical(typeof(x$Species), "integer"),
identical(levels(x$Species), levels(iris$Species))
)
}
stopifnot_iris(iris.fake)
## Error in stopifnot_iris(iris.fake): identical(levels(x$Species), levels(iris$Species)) is not TRUE
vetr
saved us typing, and the time and thought needed to
come up with what needs to be compared.
You could just as easily have created templates for nested lists, or
data frames in lists. Templates are compared to objects with the
alike
function. For a thorough description of templates and
how they work see the alike
vignette. For template examples see example(alike)
.
Let’s revisit the error message:
vet(tpl.iris, iris.fake)
## [1] "`levels(iris.fake$Species)[3]` should be \"virginica\" (is \"sibirica\")"
It tells us:
levels(iris.fake$Species)[3]
vetr
does what it can to reduce the time from error to
resolution. The location of failure is generated such that you can
easily copy it in part or full to the R prompt for further
examination.
You can combine templates with &&
/
||
:
vet(numeric(1L) || NULL, NULL)
## [1] TRUE
vet(numeric(1L) || NULL, 42)
## [1] TRUE
vet(numeric(1L) || NULL, "foo")
## [1] "`\"foo\"` should be `NULL`, or type \"numeric\" (is \"character\")"
Templates only check structure. When you need to check values use
.
to refer to the object:
vet(numeric(1L) && . > 0, -42) # strictly positive scalar numeric
## [1] "`-42 > 0` is not TRUE (FALSE)"
vet(numeric(1L) && . > 0, 42)
## [1] TRUE
If you do use the .
symbol in your vetting expressions
in your packages, you will need to include
utils::globalVariables(".")
as a top-level call to avoid
the “no visible binding for global variable ‘.’” R CMD check NOTE.
You can compose vetting expressions as language objects and combine them:
scalar.num.pos <- quote(numeric(1L) && . > 0)
foo.or.bar <- quote(character(1L) && . %in% c('foo', 'bar'))
vet.exp <- quote(scalar.num.pos || foo.or.bar)
vet(vet.exp, 42)
## [1] TRUE
vet(vet.exp, "foo")
## [1] TRUE
vet(vet.exp, "baz")
## [1] "At least one of these should pass:"
## [2] " - `\"baz\" %in% c(\"foo\", \"bar\")` is not TRUE (FALSE)"
## [3] " - `\"baz\"` should be type \"numeric\" (is \"character\")"
all_bw
is available for value range checks (~10x faster
than isTRUE(all(. >= x & . <= y))
for large
vectors):
vet(all_bw(., 0, 1), runif(5) + 1)
## [1] "`all_bw(runif(5) + 1, 0, 1)` is not TRUE (is chr: \"`1.614709` at index 1 not in `[0,1]`\")"
There are a number of predefined vetting tokens you can use in your vetting expressions such as:
vet(NUM.POS, -runif(5)) # positive numeric; see `?vet_token` for others
## [1] "`-runif(5)` should contain only positive values, but has negatives"
Vetting expressions are designed to be intuitive to use, but their
implementation is complex. We recommend you look at
example(vet)
for usage ideas, or at the “Non
Standard Evaluation” section of the vignette for the gory
details.
vetr
in FunctionsIf you are vetting function inputs, you can use the vetr
function, which works just like vet
except that it is
streamlined for use within functions:
fun <- function(x, y) {
vetr(numeric(1L), logical(1L))
TRUE # do work...
}
fun(1:2, "foo")
## Error in fun(x = 1:2, y = "foo"): For argument `x`, `length(1:2)` should be 1 (is 2)
fun(1, "foo")
## Error in fun(x = 1, y = "foo"): For argument `y`, `"foo"` should be type "logical" (is "character")
vetr
automatically matches the vetting expressions to
the corresponding arguments and fetches the argument values from the
function environment.
See vignette
for additional details on how the vetr
function works.
vetr
vignette, ?vet
, ?vetr
,
example(vet)
, example(vetr)
.alike
vignette, ?alike
, and example(alike)
for
discussion of templates.vetr
is still in development, although most of the
features are considered mature. The most likely area of change is the
treatment of function and language templates
(e.g. alike(sum, max)
), and more flexible treatment of list
templates (e.g. in future lists may be allowed to be different lengths
so long as every named element in the template exists in the
object).
This package is available on CRAN:
install.packages('vetr')
It has no runtime dependencies.
For the development version use
remotes::install_github('brodieg/vetr@development')
or:
f.dl <- tempfile()
f.uz <- tempfile()
github.url <- 'https://github.com/brodieG/vetr/archive/development.zip'
download.file(github.url, f.dl)
unzip(f.dl, exdir=f.uz)
install.packages(file.path(f.uz, 'vetr-development'), repos=NULL, type='source')
unlink(c(f.dl, f.uz))
The master branch typically mirrors CRAN and should be stable.
There are many alternatives available to vetr
. We do a
survey of the following in our parameter
validation functions review:
stopifnot
by R Corevetr
by
Yours Trulyasserthat
by Hadley Wickhamassertive
by
Richie Cottoncheckmate
by
Michel LangThe following packages also perform related tasks, although we do not review them:
valaddin
v0.1.0 by Eugene Ha, a framework for augmenting existing functions with
validation contracts. Currently the package is undergoing a major
overhaul so we will add it to the comparison once the new release
(v0.3.0) is out.ensurer
v1.1
by Stefan M. Bache, a framework for flexibly creating and combining
validation contracts. The development version adds an experimental
method for creating type safe functions, but it is not published to CRAN
so we do not test it here.validate
by Mark van der Loo and Edwin de Jonge, with a primary focus on
validating data in data frames and similar data structures.assertr
by Tony Fischetti, also focused on data validation in data frames and
similar structures.types
by Jim Hester, which implements but does not enforce type hinting.argufy
by
Gábor Csárdi, which implements parameter validation via roxygen tags
(not released to CRAN).typed
by Antoine Fabri, which enforces types of symbols, function parameters,
and return values.Thank you to:
all_bw
to compete with his own package checkmate
.vetr
only worked with function
arguments), which I took from ensurer.Brodie Gaslam is a hobbyist programmer based on the US East Coast.
These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.