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plssem: Complex Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

Estimate complex Structural Equation Models (SEMs) by fitting Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Partial Least Squares consistent Structural Equation Modeling (PLSc-SEM) specifications that handle categorical data, non-linear relations, and multilevel structures. The implementation follows Lohmöller (1989) for the classic PLS-SEM algorithm, Dijkstra and Henseler (2015) for consistent PLSc-SEM, Dijkstra et al., (2014) for nonlinear PLSc-SEM, and Schuberth, Henseler, Dijkstra (2018) for ordinal PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM. Additional extensions are under development. References: Lohmöller, J.-B. (1989, ISBN:9783790803002). "Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares." Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2015.06.002>. "Consistent partial least squares path modeling." Dijkstra, T. K., & Schermelleh-Engel, K. (2014). <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2014.07.008>. "Consistent partial least squares for nonlinear structural equation models." Schuberth, F., Henseler, J., & Dijkstra, T. K. (2018). <doi:10.1007/s11135-018-0767-9>. "Partial least squares path modeling using ordinal categorical indicators."

Version: 0.1.0
Depends: R (≥ 4.1.0)
Imports: stats, modsem (≥ 1.0.17), lme4, lavaan, cli, stringr, purrr, matrixStats, SimDesign, Rfast, collapse, mvnfast, reformulas
Suggests: knitr, rmarkdown
Published: 2026-03-23
DOI: 10.32614/CRAN.package.plssem
Author: Kjell Solem Slupphaug ORCID iD [aut, cre]
Maintainer: Kjell Solem Slupphaug <slupphaugkjell at gmail.com>
License: GPL-3
URL: https://github.com/kss2k/plssem
NeedsCompilation: no
Materials: README
CRAN checks: plssem results

Documentation:

Reference manual: plssem.html , plssem.pdf
Vignettes: Categorical Models with plssem (source, R code)
Interaction Models with plssem (source, R code)
Linear Models with plssem (source, R code)
Multilevel Models with plssem (source, R code)

Downloads:

Package source: plssem_0.1.0.tar.gz
Windows binaries: r-devel: plssem_0.1.0.zip, r-release: plssem_0.1.0.zip, r-oldrel: plssem_0.1.0.zip
macOS binaries: r-release (arm64): plssem_0.1.0.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): not available, r-release (x86_64): plssem_0.1.0.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): plssem_0.1.0.tgz

Linking:

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These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.