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tulpa: Templated Unified Library for Posterior Approximation in Bayesian Hierarchical Models

A general-purpose engine for fitting Bayesian hierarchical models with spatial fields, temporal effects, spatially varying coefficients, and multiple inference backends. Scalable spatial structure includes Hilbert space approximate Gaussian processes (HSGP; Riutort-Mayol et al. 2023 <doi:10.1007/s11222-022-10167-2>), nearest-neighbor Gaussian processes (NNGP; Datta et al. 2016 <doi:10.1080/01621459.2015.1044091>), intrinsic conditional autoregressive models (ICAR; Besag, York, and Mollie 1991 <doi:10.1007/BF00116466>), the reparameterized Besag-York-Mollie model (BYM2; Riebler et al. 2016 <doi:10.1177/0962280216660421>), and stochastic partial differential equation fields (SPDE; Lindgren, Rue, and Lindstrom 2011 <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2011.00777.x>). Temporal structure covers random walks, autoregressive processes, and Gaussian processes. Inference is tiered by correctness guarantee: exact Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with the No-U-Turn sampler, Laplace and nested Laplace approximations with hyperparameter integration (Rue, Martino, and Chopin 2009 <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2008.00700.x>), and variational inference. Model-specific packages plug observation likelihoods into the engine through a templated C++ callback interface.

Version: 0.7.5
Depends: R (≥ 4.1.0)
Imports: Rcpp (≥ 1.0.12), Matrix, tulpaMesh (≥ 0.1.3), generics, stats, tools, utils, methods, graphics, grDevices
LinkingTo: Rcpp, RcppEigen, Matrix
Suggests: testthat (≥ 3.0.0), bayesplot, coda, ggplot2, sf, terra, knitr, rmarkdown, posterior (≥ 1.5.0), loo (≥ 2.7.0), rstantools, lme4, nlme, lmtest, numDeriv, spdep, MASS, betareg, glmmTMB, pscl, tweedie, fmesher, patchwork, stars, statmod, withr
Published: 2026-10-19
DOI: 10.32614/CRAN.package.tulpa
Author: Gilles Colling ORCID iD [aut, cre, cph], Frances Y. Kuo [ctb, cph] (Sobol direction numbers in src/sobol_direction_numbers.h, BSD-3-clause), Stephen Joe [ctb, cph] (Sobol direction numbers in src/sobol_direction_numbers.h, BSD-3-clause), Arm Limited [cph] (exp and log routines in src/fastmath.h and src/fastmath_data.cpp, MIT), The Walnutpie Developers [cph] (WALNUTS transition in inst/include/tulpa/walnuts.h, ported from walnutpie, MIT)
Maintainer: Gilles Colling <gilles.colling051 at gmail.com>
BugReports: https://github.com/gcol33/tulpa/issues
License: MIT + file LICENSE
Copyright: see file COPYRIGHTS
URL: https://github.com/gcol33/tulpa, https://gillescolling.com/tulpa/
NeedsCompilation: yes
SystemRequirements: C++17
Language: en-US
Citation: tulpa citation info
Materials: NEWS
CRAN checks: tulpa results

Documentation:

Reference manual: tulpa.html , tulpa.pdf
Vignettes: Inference modes: the three tiers and how to choose one (source, R code)
Getting started with tulpa (source, R code)
Spatial fields in tulpa (source, R code)

Downloads:

Package source: tulpa_0.7.5.tar.gz
Windows binaries: r-devel: tulpa_0.6.0.zip, r-release: tulpa_0.7.5.zip, r-oldrel: tulpa_0.7.5.zip
macOS binaries: r-release (arm64): tulpa_0.7.5.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): tulpa_0.7.5.tgz, r-release (x86_64): tulpa_0.7.5.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): tulpa_0.7.5.tgz
Old sources: tulpa archive

Linking:

Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tulpa to link to this page.

These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.